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1. The taifas
2. The Almoravids
3. The Almohads
4. The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada

Support of Muslims from the North of África.

1145-Territory disintegrated, new taifas.

1172-1212

1212-"They" were defeated at the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa.

1212-1492 Third kingdom of taifas.

1086-"They" came to the Peninsula in response to calls by the taifa kings.

Christians started taking tributes from them (called parias).

Taifas competed among themselves for territory and for cultural prestige.

1031-1085

1224-Disintegration of the Almohads' territory into taifas.

"They" defeated the Christians at the battle of Sagrajas.

1085-Christians conquered Toledo.

1145-1172 second kingdom of taifas.

1031-Caliphate of Córdoba divided into 28 taifas.

1195-"They" defeated Alfonso VIII of Castilla at the battle of Alarcos.

1085-1144

Payment of tributes to the kings of Castilla.

1171-"They" came to the Peninsula and annexed al-Andalus.