1
A true federation of Greek city-states that shared laws, measures, coinage and judicial procedures. It destabilized the control of the successors of Alexander and served as a model of "federalism" for the founding fathers of the USA. (2 words, p.130)
2
Hellenistic Greek physician ca 300 BC who discovered that the heart was a pump for blood and not an organ for emotion or character. He opposed the dominant theory of the four humors in favor of the brain identifying the motor and sensory roles of nerves. (p.139)
3
Hellenistic Greek scientist from Alexandria ca 225BC who logically calculated the circumference of the earth around the equator within a margin of error of less than 200 miles. (p.138)
4
This philosophy of the Hellenist age held that happiness required withdrawing from the politics and stresses of imperial life and enjoying a life of simple pleasures with one's friends. (p.133)
5
Orator who persuaded Athens to war against Philip 2 of Macedon rather than ally with him. (p.122)
6
Greek word for the Persian custom of prostrating oneself on the ground in submission to the Great King. (p.125)
7
Hellenistic Greek scientist from the island of Samos ca 250BC who used logic to deduce that the earth and other planets must revolve around the sun (heliocentric view of the universe, p.138)
8
Military genius from the Greek city-state of Thebes who ended Sparta as military power and gave essential military training to Alexander's father, Phillip 2. (p.112-13)
9
The "father of medicine" ca 400 BC whose theory that four different "humors" located in the chest were the source of intelligence, character and health. The practices of bloodletting and purges were used to try to keep the humors in balance. His theory with its invasive practices still held sway in the time of the American Civil War. (p.139)
10
Alexander met the hardest fighting of all in the mountains of Bactria. He tried everything including marrying the daughter of a local warlord (Roxane) but failed to conquer this forbidding place and fighting-born & bred people. What is the modern country? (p.124)
11
This philosophy of the Hellenistic age held that knowledge of real things is impossible and that all we can know about is how things "appear" to be. (p.133-4)
12
He was the most important of the poets of the new escapist literature called "pastoral verse" that exploited nostalgia for a simpler life of shepherds and wood nymphs in the rural countryside. (p.140)
14
Alexander's famous warhorse, buried with a city and shrine named after him in India. (p.124)
15
Hellenistic Greek scientist from Syracuse, Sicily who in addition to discovering the idea of specific gravity, the propeller and the pulley, famously said: "Give me a lever and I shall move the earth." (p.138)
16
The Macedonians defeated the Greek city-states, ending their political freedom forever, at this famous battle in 336 BC. (p.122)
17
Alexander's general who established a dynasty over Macedonia and Greece after Alexander's death. (p.130)
18
Greek historian during the time of the Roman Republic (ca 150 BC) who wrote a series of histories of the Romans arguing that their mixed form of government with checks and balances helped their society overcome the normal cycles of growth and decline experienced by other great civilizations. The US founding fathers were influence by his political theory and opinion of the constitution of Rome. (p.141)
19
This philosophy of the Hellenistic age that true freedom required submission to the imperial status quo and self-control over one's emotions, words and actions. (p.133)
20
Alexander's successor who took over the Persian Empire. The dynasty he established ruled from the great city of Antioch. (p.129)
21
Wrote the"Anabasis" (Inland Expedition ca 400 BC) telling of how he and 10,000 other Greek mercenaries were hired by the Persian prince Cyrus to launch an overland invasion deep into the heart of the Persian Empire. The were defeated near Babylon and barely survived a thousand mile retreat back to Greece. Alexander used this account for inspiration and planning for his Persian invasion 70 years later. (p.111-113)
22
Book written by Ptolemy (not the genera) ca 150 AD that perpetuated the erroneous geocentric view of the universe for another 1,300 years. (p.138)
24
Greek Ionian city whose streets were paved with marble. (p.141)
25
Alexander's general who founded a family dynasty in Egypt that lasted until the Roman emperor Octavian finally defeated its queen, Cleopatra, in 30 BC. (p.128)
26
He wrote the textbook on geometry (ca 300 BC) that was not superseded till the 20th century. (p.138)
27
Greek physician during the Roman Empire (ca 150 AD) who dismissed the alternatives and perpetuated the theory of the humors for almost 2,000 years. (p.139)
28
He argued the best society would be one ruled by philosophers (philosopher-kings, p.118)
29
Aristotle's preferred form of government. It is a mixture of monarchy, oligarchy and democracy with checks and balances. (p.119)
