Which degernative change affects the peripheral nerves?
A.
Caseous necrosis
B.
Liquefaction
C.
Zenker’s degeneration
D.
Wallerian degeneration
2.
Which refers to the absence of an organ (usually paired organ)?
A.
Hypoplasia
B.
Agenesis
C.
Aplasia
3.
Which refers to changes from one cell type to another (cuboidal changes to stratified squamous in the lung of a smoker)?
A.
Hyperplasia
B.
Anaplasia
C.
Dysplasia
D.
Metaplasia
4.
Which refers to the increase in number of cells (pregnant uterus)?
A.
Hyperplasia
B.
Anaplasia
C.
Dysplasia
D.
Metaplasia
5.
What refers to the change in size, shape or function of a cell (precedes cancer, but is reversible)?
A.
Hyperplasia
B.
Anaplasia
C.
Dysplasia
D.
Metaplasia
6.
What refers to the Cancer of epithelial tissue that usually spreads by way of the lymphatic system?
A.
Sarcoma
B.
Carcinoma
C.
Barcelona
7.
Which refers to the cancer of connective tissue that usually spreads by blood?
A.
Sarcoma
B.
Carcinoma
C.
chondroma
8.
Which of the following refers to the absence of oxygen?
A.
Phagocytosis
B.
Anoxia
C.
Hypoxia
D.
deprivation
9.
Which is accomplished by neutrophils and macrophages?
A.
Diapedesis
B.
Chemotaxis
C.
Phagocytosis
D.
Embolus
10.
Which term refers to the deposition of iron into tissue?
A.
Siderosis
B.
Anthracosis
C.
Berylliosis
D.
Byssinosis
11.
Which term refers to the fact that a person may or may not have symptoms?
A.
Brachiochalic
B.
Latency
C.
Tertiary
D.
suprclinical
12.
Which of the following means to have difficulty swallowing?
A.
Volvulus
B.
Dysphagia
C.
Dystonia
D.
Dyspnea
13.
Which of the following conditions causes congenital megacolon/absence of the myenteric plexus?
A.
Hirschsprung’s
B.
Peutz Jegher's
C.
Celiac disease
D.
Peritonitis
14.
Which of the following is a childhood disease?
A.
Still’s
B.
ALS
C.
Syringomelia
D.
Myasthenia gravis
15.
Formation of antibodies that block the ACH receptors at the myoneural junction producing excess cholinesterase. Causes progressive weakness and fatigue. First starts in the ocular muscles.
A.
Myasthenia gravis
B.
ALS
C.
PLS
D.
Parkinson's
16.
Which of the following is a cyst-like formation of the central canal of the spinal cord that leads to loss of pain and temperature sensation and signs of an upper motor neuron lesion?.
A.
Myasthenia gravis
B.
Syringomelia
C.
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
D.
SIADH
17.
Which of the following is characterized by hereditary progressive peroneal muscle atrophy, Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy, pseudohypertrophy of the calves, which usually affects boys age 3-7? It is linked to a recessive sex linked gene?
A.
Charcot Marie Tooth
B.
Myastenia Gravis
C.
Progressive atrophy disease
D.
Tabes Dorsalis
18.
Which of the following terms refers to a decreased production of insulin by the beta cells of the pancreas (Islets of hangerhans)? Produces polydypsia, polyuria, and polyphagia?
A.
Diabetes insipidus
B.
Diabetes mellitus
C.
Marasmus
D.
Kwashiorkor
19.
What term refers an inherited inability to metabolize copper? It causes Kayser Fleisher rings on the iris.
A.
Widal
B.
Wilson's
C.
Diabetes insipidus
D.
Warren's
20.
Which of the following is characterized by the inability to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine? Retardation can be prevented with diet if caught early.
A.
Kleinfelter’s
B.
Alkaptonuria
C.
Tay Sachs
D.
Phenylketonuria
21.
Which of the following is a condition involving XXY chromosome males of substantial height with low IQ, testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, and sterility?
A.
Gaucher’s
B.
Tay Sachs
C.
Kleinfelter’s
D.
Marfan's
22.
Which term is also known as black lung disease in miners?
A.
Anthracosis
B.
Berylliosis
C.
Siderosis
D.
Byssinosis
23.
Which of the following generally refers to deposition of particles of various types in the lung?
A.
Symbiosis
B.
Pneumoconiosis
C.
Asbestosis
D.
Berylliosis
24.
Which term refers to fissures or cracks at the edge of the mouth?
A.
Hutchinson’s teeth
B.
Interstitial keratitis
C.
Rhagades
D.
Sabre blade
25.
Which term refers to notched incisors?
A.
Hutchinson’s
B.
saber blade
C.
Thompson's
D.
Froments
26.
Which of the following would be increased 60% in the event of an acute bacterial infection?
A.
Monocytes
B.
Lymphocytes
C.
Neutrophils
D.
Eosinophil
27.
Which of the following are similar to mast cells, produce heparin and histamine, and are increased in blood disorders?
A.
Basophils
B.
Eosinophil
C.
Lymphocytes
D.
Neutrophils
28.
Which of the following causes decreased antibody production?
A.
Helper
B.
Suppressor
C.
Killer
29.
Plasma cells make antibodies forming the immune complex.
A.
true
B.
false
30.
What term refers to deposition of fatty plaques (atheroma)?
A.
Monkeberg’s sclerosis
B.
Raynaud’s
C.
Artherosclerosis
D.
Takayasu arteritis
31.
Which of the following refers to narrowing of the lumen producing increased blood pressure in the upper extremities and decreased blood pressure in the lower extremities?
A.
Raynaud’s
B.
Buerger’s
C.
Coarctation of the aorta
D.
Takayasu arteritis
32.
Which of the following refers to X linked hereditary disease, decreased IgG., decreased B cells, and B cell deficiency?
A.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
B.
Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma
C.
Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia
D.
Multiple myeloma
33.
Which of the following is mostly seen in older people, characterized by an absence of Reed Sternberg cells? Produces Jaw swelling.
A.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
B.
Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma
C.
Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia
D.
Multiple Myeloma
34.
Which of the following involves the tunica media of medium sized arteries being calcified?
A.
Monkeberg’s sclerosis
B.
Anaplasia
C.
PAD
D.
PVD
35.
Which type of leukemia is seen in children?
A.
Chronic lymphocytic
B.
Acute lymphoblasic
C.
Acute myeloblastic
D.
Chronic myelocytic
36.
Which type of leukemia is seen in young adulthood and is characterized by increased granulocytes? Philadelphia chromosome
A.
Chronic lymphocytic
B.
Acute lymphoblasic
C.
Chronic myelocytic
D.
Acute myeloblastic
37.
Which of the following refers to Cooley’s anemia (AKA Mediterranean anemia)?
A.
Erythroblastosis fetalis
B.
Thalassemia major
C.
Pernicious
D.
Polycythemia
38.
Which of the following would best describe the breakdown of cells by some disease process such as sickle cell anemia or malaria?
A.
Hemolytic
B.
Thalassemia Major
C.
Erythroblastosis fetalis
D.
Myasthenia gravis
39.
Positive feedback: the more thrombin produced, the less fibrin is produced.
A.
True
B.
False
40.
Injury leads to release of thromboplastin (need Vitamin K)
A.
True
B.
False
41.
Associated with allergies (increased eosinophils), asthma, hay fever.
A.
IgE
B.
IgA
C.
IgM
D.
IgG
42.
Which of the following is the major antibody against viruses, bacteria, and toxins?
A.
IgD
B.
IgE
C.
IgM
D.
IgG
43.
Which of the following is most active during the early part of the immune response?
A.
IgM
B.
IgG
C.
IgA
D.
IgD
44.
Which term refers to a lack of or loss of RBCs?
A.
Anemia
B.
Throbocytopenia
C.
Neutripenia
D.
Basophilia
45.
Which reaction is seen in bronchial asthma, hay fever, food allergies, drug reactions, and bee stings and occurs in minutes?
A.
Type II: Cytotoxic or autoimmune
B.
Type III: Immune complex
C.
Type IV: Delayed
D.
Type I: Anaphylactic
46.
Which reaction is seen in transfusions, erythroblastosis fetalis, and Goodpasture’s? IgG and IgM are produced? Reaction takes hours to days.
A.
Type II: Cytotoxic or autoimmune
B.
Type III: Immune complex
C.
Type IV: Delayed
D.
Type I: Anaphylactic
47.
Which reaction type is seen in serum sickness, acute glomerulonephritis, SLE, arthus reaction? IgG/antigen antibody complex produced. Takes days.
A.
Type II: Cytotoxic or autoimmune
B.
Type III: Immune complex
C.
Type IV: Delayed
D.
Type I: Anaphylactic
48.
Which reaction type is seen in TB testing, transplant rejection, contact dermatitis (poison ivy)? It involves antigen sensitive T cells and takes a few days.
A.
Type II: Cytotoxic or autoimmune
B.
Type III: Immune complex
C.
Type IV: Delayed
D.
Type I: Anaphylactic
49.
Which of the following involves degenerative change that occurs in everyone? Usually unilateral distribution in weight bearing joints such as the hips and knees. Produces decreased joint space, subchondral sclerosis and osteophytes.
A.
Reiter’s
B.
Gouty arthritis
C.
Osteoarthritis
D.
Rhematoid
50.
Which of the following is associated with chlamydia infection and includes conjunctivitis, urethritis, and rheumatoid arthritis?
A.
Reiter’s
B.
Gouty arthritis
C.
Osteoarthritis
D.
Rhematoid
51.
Which of the following refers to a collagen disease (autoimmune) that can produce arthritis? Produces skin changes and Libman Sach’s endocarditis.
A.
Reiter’s
B.
SLE
C.
Osteoarthritis
D.
Rhematoid
52.
Where would one expect to see a chondroblastoma, giant cell tumor?
A.
Diaphysis
B.
Periosteum
C.
Endosteum
D.
Epiphysis
53.
What location would one expect to see an enchondroma/fibrous dysplasia?
A.
Diaphysis
B.
Endosteum
C.
Metaphysis
D.
Epiphysis
54.
The liver makes prothrombin and secretes it into the blood.
