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1. 
Calcium is stored in the ___________________.
A.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
B.
Sarcoplasa
C.
Myosin crossbridge
D.
Tropomyosin
2. 
_________________ refers to when a second action potential cannot be elicited.
A.
Relative refractory period
B.
Absolute refractory period
3. 
_______________ refers to when a second action potential can be elicited, but must be a greater stimulus than the first.
A.
Relative refractory period
B.
Absolute refractory period
4. 
Which major division is excited by ACH, glutamate, and serotonin, and inhibited by glycine and GABA?
A.
CNS
B.
PNS
C.
mesenteric plexus
D.
cerbellum
5. 
Sympathetic activity has the following effect on the heart
A.
inotropic and increased rate
B.
inotropic and decreased rate
C.
decreased rate and decreased force of contraction
D.
increased rate and decreased force of contraction
6. 
The parasympathetic nervous system has the follow effect on the eyes.
A.
dialation
B.
constriction
C.
nystagmus
D.
closing of eyelids
7. 
Which of the following prepares endometrium for implantation?
A.
Estrogen
B.
Testosterone
C.
Progesterone
8. 
Which of the following influences male sex characteristics?
A.
Estrogen
B.
Testosterone
C.
Progesterone
9. 
ADH/Vasopressin promotes excretion of water from the kidney
A.
true
B.
false
10. 
Oxytocin is a smooth muscle contractor
A.
true
B.
false
11. 
Metachromatic granules seen in diphtheria:
A.
Epithelioid cells
B.
Babes-Ernst
C.
Lewy bodies
D.
Reed Sternberg cells
12. 
These are seen in TB.
A.
Epithelioid cells
B.
Babes Ernst granules
C.
Aschoff bodies
D.
Reed Sternberg cells
13. 
Long term immunity is _____________.
A.
Active
B.
Passive
14. 
myelin is produced by the ___________ in the PNS
A.
Schwann Cells
B.
Oligodendrocytes
15. 
Which of these binds to acting to inhibit the interaction between actin and myosin?
A.
Troponin C
B.
Troponin I
C.
Troponin T
16. 
The neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction is called
A.
Norepinephrine
B.
Serotonin
C.
Acetylcholine
D.
epinephrine
17. 
Troponin is the ____ binding protien in skeletal and cardiac muscle.
A.
calcium
B.
potassium
C.
sodium
D.
lactic acid
18. 
Repetitive muscle stimulation results in ___________
A.
tetany
B.
fatigue
C.
paralysis
D.
weakness
19. 
Fast twitch fibers are ______
A.
red
B.
white
C.
brown
20. 
withdrawal of a limb due to a painful stimulus is the result of the _________ action of a ___________
A.
efferent, motor neuron
B.
efferent, sensory neuron
C.
afferent, motor neuron
D.
afferent, sensory neuron
21. 
burning one's hand and then retracting it from fire is an example of a ___________reflex
A.
somatosomatic
B.
somatoneuro
C.
somatovisceral
D.
viscerosomatic
22. 
The alpha motor neuron is located in the ____horn of the cord
A.
dorsal
B.
ventral
C.
lateral
D.
central
23. 
Quality of nerve conduction depends on:
A.
degree of mylenation
B.
diameter of nerve
C.
both diameter and mylenation
D.
subluxation
24. 
saltatory conduction allows for speed of transmission that is ______ than occurs in unmylenated nerves.
A.
10 X faster
B.
50 x faster
C.
half as fast
D.
about the same
25. 
hypercalcemia ___________ the transmission of an action potential
A.
inhibits
B.
facilitates
C.
has no effect on
D.
excites
26. 
Hypocalcemia tends to make nerve action potentials more________
A.
irritable
B.
diminished
C.
effective
D.
painful
27. 
Nociceptors that transmit sharp locaized pain are:
A.
Fast conducting type A fibers
B.
slow conducting type A fibers
C.
type C fibers
D.
Group IV fibers
28. 
uremic frost appears on the ___________ and is characteristic of ___________
A.
skin, renal failure
B.
skin, renal hyperactivity
C.
eyes, renal failure
D.
eyes, renal hyperactivity
29. 
The functional unit of the kidney is called the________
A.
nephron
B.
pyramid
C.
glomerulus
D.
juxtaglomerular apparatus
30. 
bicarbonate and phosphate reabsorbtion primarily occurs in the _________
A.
proximal convoluted tubule
B.
distal convoluted tubule
C.
bowman's capsule
D.
loop of henle
31. 
Aldosterone primarily acts on the ______ convoluted tubule to facilitate the resoption of ______ and potassium
A.
distal, sodium
B.
distal, bicarbonate
C.
proximal, sodium
D.
proximal, bicarbonate
32. 
ADH acts mostly on receptors in the ________ to increase permeability of ________
A.
collecting duct, water
B.
collecting duct, urea
C.
loop of henle, water
D.
loop of henle, bicarbonate
33. 
___________ is an end product of muscle metabolism that is used to determine kidney performance.
A.
creatinine
B.
inulin
C.
urea
D.
myoglobin
34. 
Excess H ions lost through the renal system result in ____________ and the lungs compensate with___________
A.
metabolic acidosis, hyperventilation
B.
respiratory acidosis, hyperventilation
C.
metabolic alkylosis, hyperventilation
D.
metabolic acidosis, hypoventilation
35. 
Angiotensin I is converted from angiotensenogen by __________
A.
angiotensase
B.
renin
C.
aldosterone
D.
renase
36. 
aldosterone causes blood pressure to rise because its action:
A.
increases total blood volume and hence blood pressure
B.
decreases total blood volume which causes reflex vasoconstriction
C.
increases sodium retention and thus a decrese in total blood volume
D.
increases potassium excretion and thus decreases blood volume.
37. 
ANP in excess is likely to result in :
A.
fluid retention
B.
diuresis and lower blood pressure
C.
sodium resporbtion and higher blood pressure
D.
vasoconstriction
38. 
Testosterone is secreted by:
A.
interstitial cells of leydig
B.
sertoli cells
C.
epididymis
D.
seminiferous tubules
39. 
spermatogenesis can be aversely affected by:
A.
a temperature that is 1 degree warmer than normal
B.
a temperature that is 5 degrees cooler than normal
C.
pressure
D.
cold showers
40. 
Stimulation of the nipple by a suckling infant facilitate the release of ________ by the posterior pituitary.
A.
oxytocin
B.
progesterone
C.
prolactin
D.
cortisol