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Play Fill in the Blanks Game
There ____________________ acids incorporated into ____________________ .
All amino acids exist in the L - form , except for glycine .
The pneumonic for the essential amino acids is PVT TIM ____________________
P = phenylalanine        T = threonine    H = histidine
V = valine     I = isoleucine         A = arginine
T = tryptophan      M = methionine     L = leucine
L = lysine
The purely ketogenic amino acids are ____________________ and ____________________ .
·       The aromatic amino acids are phenylalanine , tyrosine and ____________________ .
·       The sulfur - containing amino acids are ____________________ , methionine and cystine .
·       The branched - chain amino acids are isoleucine , leucine , and ____________________ .
·       The acidic amino acids are aspartic acid ( aspartate ) and ____________________ acid ( glutamate ) .
·       The basic amino acids are histidine , tysiee and arginine .
Amino acid products ? what do they make ? :
·       Phenylalanine ? > tyrosine ( deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase
= ____________________ ____________________ )
·       Tyrosine - » L - dopa - » dopamine - norepinephrin - » epinephrine_ ( catecholamines )
·       Tyrosine - } L - dopa - ____________________ ( skin pigmentation )
·       Histidine - > histamine
·       Tryptophan - » serotonin
Tryptophan - » NAD
Glutamate - - } ____________________
Glycine / Arginine - - } Creatine
The characteristic bond of all proteins is ____________________ bond .
The ____________________ ____________________ is a type of amide bond that is specific for proteins .

Formed by protein synthesis by mRNA and ____________________ subunits of Ribosomes
in the Endoplasmic Reticulum of the cell








·       Primary ( 1 * ) : Linear sequence of amino acids .
·       Secondary ( 2° ) : ____________________ - ____________________ and b - ____________________ ____________________ .
Both structures are held together by hydrogen bonds between atoms
of the polypeptide backbone .
( Examples include the fibrous protein's collagen and silk ) .
·       Tertiary ( 3 " ) : Folding of a single polypeptide chain in solution .   
____________________ is the classic example of a globular protein with tertiary structure .
·       Quaternary ( 4° ) : Association of two or more polypeptide chains to make a functional protein .
____________________ is the classic example ( 2alpha , 2beta ) .









Amino Acid Metabolism
Route : Transamination , then Oxidative ____________________
Removed Ammonia : Carried to the ____________________ cycle by Glutamate
Left over carbon skeletons are either :
Glucogenic - - form pyruvate or oxaloacetate to make ____________________
Ketogenic - - form acetyl CoA or Acetoacetyl CoA to make Ketones
( lucine makes ketones . . . Lucy is the Key )


Glucose Alanine Cycle AKA Lactic Acid or Cori Cycle
During exercise : muscle makes Ammonia from amino acids
                                                                 Lactate from glucose
Alanine :  Ammonia and Lactate
Liver : Alanine travels to liver and is converted back ____________________ Ammonia
Then : Ammonia becomes urea , Lactate becomes glucose through ____________________
Glucose returns to muscle via blood to be burned
Urea Cycle
Rids body of toxic ammonia
Carbomyl phosphate sythetase produces carbomyl phosphate , requiring ATP and Mg
Intermediates in Urea Cycle :
                     FACO , GA
Fumarate ,  Arginine , ____________________ ,  Ornithine , ____________________ ,  Aspartate