Acid
Phosphtase
(
____________________
)
:
This
enzyme
is
present
minimally
in
many
tissues
by
____________________
times
higher
in
the
prostate
than
any
other
tissue
.
It
is
also
found
in
seminal
fluid
.
It
is
released
into
the
blood
stream
in
metastatic
carcinoma
of
the
prostate
,
when
the
____________________
breaks
.
Normal
:
0
-
3
.
1
ng
/
ml
Increased
In
:
prostatic
carcinoma
,
any
carcinoma
metastases
to
bone
,
and
hyperparathyroidism
Significant
elevations
almost
always
indicate
____________________
of
the
prostate
.
Prostate
Specific
Antigen
(
____________________
)
:
An
enzyme
which
is
localized
in
normal
prostatic
epithelial
cells
and
prostatic
carcinoma
cells
.
____________________
of
men
and
prostatic
carcinoma
have
a
significant
increase
in
PSA
.
Normal
:
0
-
4
.
0
ng
/
ml
PSA
and
acid
phosphatase
increases
detect
early
stage
prostatic
cancer
.
PSA
is
the
best
____________________
indicator
for
monitoring
reoccurrence
of
cancer
and
best
to
detect
effectiveness
of
therapy
.
Digital
rectal
exam
is
more
reliable
than
both
PAP
and
PSA
.
A
/
G
Ratio
:
This
represents
the
serum
albumin
level
divided
by
the
serum
globulin
level
;
approzimaately
2
.
1
.
Bence
Jones
patenuria
?
immune
electro
pharysis
?
looking
for
an
____________________
-
spike
of
1Gg
.
Normal
:
1
.
5
-
2
.
5
gm%
____________________
in
:
Multiple
myeloma
?
plasma
cyloma
?
pain
located
at
site
of
lesion
,
progressively
worse
?
osteopenia
?
spares
the
pedicles
.
Frequent
infections
.
Anemia
.
Increased
ESE
proteinuria
.
Alkaline
____________________
:
This
enzyme
is
found
in
many
tissues
,
especially
bone
and
liver
.
It
is
termed
alkaline
because
this
enzyme
functions
best
at
a
hP
of
9
,
and
is
associated
with
liver
and
____________________
activity
.
Children
normally
have
an
alkaline
phosphatase
value
____________________
times
that
of
your
average
healthy
adult
.
Normals
:
2
.
0
-
4
.
5
Bodansky
units
Increased
In
:
____________________
lesions
(
osteoenic
sarcoma
,
____________________
;
s
)
,
hepatic
disease
(
obstructive
jaundice
)
,
____________________
,
rickets
,
____________________
Amylase
:
Increased
any
____________________
emergency
.
This
is
a
pancreatic
enzyme
that
splits
starch
.
High
values
often
indicate
pancreatitis
.
The
most
common
cause
of
pancreatitis
is
____________________
.
____________________
peptic
ulcer
.
Irupneal
tubal
pregnancy
Intestinal
obstruction
Rupteral
____________________
Normals
:
25
-
125
U
/
L
.
Increased
In
:
Acute
pancreatitis
Acute
gallbladder
ANA
(
FANA
)
:
Fluorescent
antinuclear
antibody
test
is
used
to
demonstrate
the
presence
of
antibodies
that
lead
to
the
production
of
the
LE
cell
.
There
are
two
antinuclear
antibodies
that
are
significant
in
Systemic
Lupus
Erythematous
:
anti
-
DNA
and
anti
-
DNP
(
an
antinucleoprotein
)
.
Anti
-
DNP
is
usually
present
inpatients
with
various
____________________
diseases
.
Anti
-
DNA
is
strong
evidence
for
the
presence
of
____________________
.
A
positive
result
doesn't
definitely
indicate
SLE
,
but
a
negative
result
does
rule
it
out
.
ASO
Titre
:
Antistreptolysin
?
0
titre
.
One
of
a
group
of
serologic
procedures
that
demonstrates
that
the
patient
has
reacted
to
an
infection
by
group
A
____________________
.
Measures
the
amount
of
antibodies
present
.
Normals
:
less
than
____________________
Todd
units
/
ml
.
Increased
in
:
Acute
____________________
,
rheumatic
feve
r
