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Artificial intelligence ( AI ) is the of a computer program or a machine to think and learn . It is also a of study which tries to make computers " smart " . John McCarthy came up with the name " artificial intelligence " in 1955 .
In general use , the term " artificial intelligence " means a which human cognition . At least some of the things we associate with other minds , such as learning and problem solving can be done by computers , though not in the same way as we do .
An ideal ( perfect ) intelligent machine is a flexible agent which perceives its and takes actions to maximize its chance of success at some goal . As machines become capable , mental facilities once thought to require intelligence are removed from the definition . For example , optical character recognition is no longer perceived as an exemplar of " artificial intelligence " : it is just a routine technology .
At present we use the term AI for successfully human speech , competing at a high level in strategic game systems ( such as Chess and Go ) , self - driving cars , and complex data . Some people also consider AI a danger to humanity if it progresses unabatedly .
An goal of AI research is to create computer programs that can learn , solve problems , and think logically . In practice , however , most applications have picked on problems which can do well . Searching data bases and doing calculations are things computers do better than people . On the other hand , " perceiving its environment " in any real sense is way beyond present - day computing .
AI involves many different fields like computer science , , linguistics , psychology , , and philosophy . Eventually researchers hope to create a " general artificial intelligence " which can solve many problems instead of focusing on just one . Researchers are also trying to create creative and emotional AI which can possibly empathize or create art . Many approaches and tools have been tried .