Kidney stones (also called renal calculi, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis) are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys.
Urethritis is the inflammation of the urethra. The most common symptoms include painful or difficult urination and urethral discharge.
Cystitis (sis-TIE-tis) is the medical term for inflammation of the bladder. Most of the time, the inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection, and it's called a urinary tract infection (UTI).
Kidney transplant is a surgical procedure to place a healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor into a person whose kidneys no longer function properly.
Hemodialysis: the filtering of circulating blood through a semipermeable membrane in an apparatus (haemodialyser or artificial kidney) to remove waste products: performed in cases of kidney failure.
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a type of dialysis which uses the peritoneum in a person's abdomen as the membrane through which fluid and dissolved substances are exchanged with the blood.
Pyelonephritis: A bacterial infection of the kidneys that can occur when a urinary tract infection spreads beyond the bladder to the ureters and kidneys.
Neproptosis or Renal Ptosis is a condition in which one or both kidneys drop into the abdomen when standing up.
