Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal System


Matching Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemOnline version Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) by Abigail Scott 1 Bones 2 Cartilage 3 Joints 4 Fibrous 5 Cartilaginous 6 Tendons 7 Marrow 8 The Skeletal System 9 Ligaments 10 Synovial Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) freely movable joints Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Solid CT, 206 consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone 1 Protection 2 Site of Hematopoiesis 3 Movement 4 Storage 5 Functions of Bone 6 Framework Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement 1 Flat Bones 2 Long Bones 3 Irregular Bones 4 Classification of Bone 5 Short Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Elongated; upper and lower limbs Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella 1 Periosteum 2 Epiphyseal Line 3 Macroanatomy of Bones 4 Epiphysis 5 Diaphysis 6 Medullary Cavity 7 Articular Cartilage hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum 1 Inorganic ECM 2 Organic ECM 3 Extracellular Matrix 4 Compact Bone 5 Microanatomy of Bones 6 Spongy Bone 7 Osteogenic Cells 8 Osteoblasts 9 Osteocytes 10 Cells 11 Osteoclasts (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones bone stem cells capable of differentiation (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts 2 components: Organic & Inorganic break down/resorb bone (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact 1 Types of Fibrous Joints 2 Sutures 3 Synovial Joints 4 Examples of Synovial Joints 5 Cartilaginous Joints 6 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 7 Gomphoses 8 Syndesmoses 9 Synchondroses 10 Symphyses 11 Fibrous Joints 12 Joint (Articulation) fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock bones connected by cartilage pads Synchondroses & Symphyses have hyaline cartilage between the bones lock bones together with dense fibers allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other

1

Bones

2

Cartilage

3

Joints

4

Fibrous

5

Cartilaginous

6

Tendons

7

Marrow

8

The Skeletal System

9

Ligaments

10

Synovial

Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints)

freely movable joints

Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow

Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles

allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage

3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints

Solid CT, 206

consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together

Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone

1

Protection

2

Site of Hematopoiesis

3

Movement

4

Storage

5

Functions of Bone

6

Framework

Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity

Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage,

guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs)

blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow

stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow

Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement

1

Flat Bones

2

Long Bones

3

Irregular Bones

4

Classification of Bone

5

Short Bones

Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull

Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones

Elongated; upper and lower limbs

Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs

Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella

1

Periosteum

2

Epiphyseal Line

3

Macroanatomy of Bones

4

Epiphysis

5

Diaphysis

6

Medullary Cavity

7

Articular Cartilage

hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children)

tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons

hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock

expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends

remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults

long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles

Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum

1

Inorganic ECM

2

Organic ECM

3

Extracellular Matrix

4

Compact Bone

5

Microanatomy of Bones

6

Spongy Bone

7

Osteogenic Cells

8

Osteoblasts

9

Osteocytes

10

Cells

11

Osteoclasts

(“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones

bone stem cells capable of differentiation

(calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone)

Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts

2 components: Organic & Inorganic

break down/resorb bone

(mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones

mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae

(dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone)

build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines

Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact

1

Types of Fibrous Joints

2

Sutures

3

Synovial Joints

4

Examples of Synovial Joints

5

Cartilaginous Joints

6

Types of Cartilaginous Joints

7

Gomphoses

8

Syndesmoses

9

Synchondroses

10

Symphyses

11

Fibrous Joints

12

Joint (Articulation)

fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock

bones connected by cartilage pads

Synchondroses & Symphyses

have hyaline cartilage between the bones

lock bones together with dense fibers

allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength

Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck

tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process)

bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule

Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other

Matching Pairs