Matching Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemOnline version Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) by Abigail Scott 1 Fibrous 2 Marrow 3 Tendons 4 Synovial 5 The Skeletal System 6 Bones 7 Cartilage 8 Ligaments 9 Joints 10 Cartilaginous 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Solid CT, 206 allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage freely movable joints consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow 1 Movement 2 Site of Hematopoiesis 3 Protection 4 Framework 5 Storage 6 Functions of Bone blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity 1 Classification of Bone 2 Irregular Bones 3 Long Bones 4 Flat Bones 5 Short Bones Elongated; upper and lower limbs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs 1 Epiphyseal Line 2 Medullary Cavity 3 Diaphysis 4 Macroanatomy of Bones 5 Periosteum 6 Articular Cartilage 7 Epiphysis long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock 1 Osteoblasts 2 Organic ECM 3 Osteocytes 4 Osteoclasts 5 Cells 6 Inorganic ECM 7 Compact Bone 8 Osteogenic Cells 9 Microanatomy of Bones 10 Extracellular Matrix 11 Spongy Bone Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines 2 components: Organic & Inorganic (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones break down/resorb bone (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts bone stem cells capable of differentiation mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae 1 Cartilaginous Joints 2 Examples of Synovial Joints 3 Joint (Articulation) 4 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 5 Synchondroses 6 Gomphoses 7 Sutures 8 Fibrous Joints 9 Types of Fibrous Joints 10 Syndesmoses 11 Symphyses 12 Synovial Joints fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength have hyaline cartilage between the bones lock bones together with dense fibers bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule Synchondroses & Symphyses bones connected by cartilage pads Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses
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