Matching Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemOnline version Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) by Abigail Scott 1 Bones 2 Synovial 3 Marrow 4 Cartilaginous 5 The Skeletal System 6 Tendons 7 Fibrous 8 Ligaments 9 Joints 10 Cartilage Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Solid CT, 206 freely movable joints 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints 1 Movement 2 Functions of Bone 3 Framework 4 Protection 5 Storage 6 Site of Hematopoiesis blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) 1 Irregular Bones 2 Long Bones 3 Classification of Bone 4 Short Bones 5 Flat Bones Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Elongated; upper and lower limbs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella 1 Epiphysis 2 Medullary Cavity 3 Diaphysis 4 Articular Cartilage 5 Macroanatomy of Bones 6 Periosteum 7 Epiphyseal Line remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends 1 Inorganic ECM 2 Organic ECM 3 Cells 4 Osteogenic Cells 5 Compact Bone 6 Osteocytes 7 Spongy Bone 8 Extracellular Matrix 9 Osteoblasts 10 Microanatomy of Bones 11 Osteoclasts (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) bone stem cells capable of differentiation (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts 2 components: Organic & Inorganic mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) break down/resorb bone (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact 1 Gomphoses 2 Synovial Joints 3 Joint (Articulation) 4 Examples of Synovial Joints 5 Synchondroses 6 Cartilaginous Joints 7 Syndesmoses 8 Types of Fibrous Joints 9 Symphyses 10 Fibrous Joints 11 Sutures 12 Types of Cartilaginous Joints bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other lock bones together with dense fibers Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) bones connected by cartilage pads fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock Synchondroses & Symphyses have hyaline cartilage between the bones Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses
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