Matching Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemOnline version Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) by Abigail Scott 1 Ligaments 2 Fibrous 3 Bones 4 Cartilage 5 Marrow 6 Joints 7 The Skeletal System 8 Cartilaginous 9 Tendons 10 Synovial allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) freely movable joints Solid CT, 206 consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together 1 Storage 2 Functions of Bone 3 Site of Hematopoiesis 4 Movement 5 Protection 6 Framework blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, 1 Short Bones 2 Classification of Bone 3 Long Bones 4 Irregular Bones 5 Flat Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Elongated; upper and lower limbs Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones 1 Articular Cartilage 2 Medullary Cavity 3 Diaphysis 4 Epiphyseal Line 5 Periosteum 6 Macroanatomy of Bones 7 Epiphysis hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends 1 Osteoblasts 2 Extracellular Matrix 3 Organic ECM 4 Osteocytes 5 Spongy Bone 6 Compact Bone 7 Microanatomy of Bones 8 Osteoclasts 9 Osteogenic Cells 10 Cells 11 Inorganic ECM Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones 2 components: Organic & Inorganic build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae break down/resorb bone Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) bone stem cells capable of differentiation 1 Symphyses 2 Synchondroses 3 Synovial Joints 4 Sutures 5 Syndesmoses 6 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 7 Cartilaginous Joints 8 Fibrous Joints 9 Examples of Synovial Joints 10 Gomphoses 11 Types of Fibrous Joints 12 Joint (Articulation) bones connected by cartilage pads between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) have hyaline cartilage between the bones bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses Synchondroses & Symphyses fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck lock bones together with dense fibers Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength
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