Matching Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemOnline version Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) by Abigail Scott 1 Fibrous 2 Ligaments 3 Cartilage 4 Bones 5 Synovial 6 Joints 7 Cartilaginous 8 Marrow 9 Tendons 10 The Skeletal System freely movable joints consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Solid CT, 206 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) 1 Functions of Bone 2 Storage 3 Site of Hematopoiesis 4 Protection 5 Framework 6 Movement Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity 1 Short Bones 2 Irregular Bones 3 Flat Bones 4 Long Bones 5 Classification of Bone Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Elongated; upper and lower limbs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones 1 Diaphysis 2 Macroanatomy of Bones 3 Articular Cartilage 4 Medullary Cavity 5 Periosteum 6 Epiphyseal Line 7 Epiphysis expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock 1 Compact Bone 2 Inorganic ECM 3 Osteoblasts 4 Cells 5 Osteocytes 6 Extracellular Matrix 7 Osteoclasts 8 Osteogenic Cells 9 Spongy Bone 10 Organic ECM 11 Microanatomy of Bones (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) 2 components: Organic & Inorganic Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines break down/resorb bone (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae bone stem cells capable of differentiation 1 Synovial Joints 2 Cartilaginous Joints 3 Fibrous Joints 4 Syndesmoses 5 Joint (Articulation) 6 Types of Fibrous Joints 7 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 8 Synchondroses 9 Gomphoses 10 Examples of Synovial Joints 11 Sutures 12 Symphyses allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck lock bones together with dense fibers tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial have hyaline cartilage between the bones between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock Synchondroses & Symphyses bones connected by cartilage pads
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