Matching Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemOnline version Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) by Abigail Scott 1 Cartilaginous 2 Synovial 3 Marrow 4 Bones 5 Joints 6 Ligaments 7 Fibrous 8 Cartilage 9 Tendons 10 The Skeletal System Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Solid CT, 206 freely movable joints Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial 1 Movement 2 Functions of Bone 3 Site of Hematopoiesis 4 Storage 5 Framework 6 Protection Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) 1 Irregular Bones 2 Classification of Bone 3 Short Bones 4 Long Bones 5 Flat Bones Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Elongated; upper and lower limbs 1 Diaphysis 2 Macroanatomy of Bones 3 Articular Cartilage 4 Periosteum 5 Medullary Cavity 6 Epiphysis 7 Epiphyseal Line hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends 1 Microanatomy of Bones 2 Inorganic ECM 3 Organic ECM 4 Osteoclasts 5 Spongy Bone 6 Cells 7 Osteocytes 8 Osteoblasts 9 Extracellular Matrix 10 Compact Bone 11 Osteogenic Cells bone stem cells capable of differentiation (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines 2 components: Organic & Inorganic (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact break down/resorb bone (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones 1 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 2 Cartilaginous Joints 3 Synchondroses 4 Symphyses 5 Fibrous Joints 6 Joint (Articulation) 7 Syndesmoses 8 Sutures 9 Gomphoses 10 Examples of Synovial Joints 11 Synovial Joints 12 Types of Fibrous Joints fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule have hyaline cartilage between the bones bones connected by cartilage pads allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength Synchondroses & Symphyses tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) lock bones together with dense fibers Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
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