independent of mobile phase flow rate
results from the fact that different molecules must travel different distances during the separation
Molecules diffuse toward the detector or away from the detector, moving ahead or lagging behind the group..
While analyte molecules interact with the stationary phase, they are left behind those that are not.
the C-term in the van Deemter equation
becomes more significant when the mobile phase flow rate is low
the B-term in the van Deemter equation
the A-term in the van Deemter equation
becomes worse when the mobile phase flow rate is high
is only applicable to packed columns
