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1. A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
A
Motivation
B
Consciousness
C
Emotion
2. A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
A
Reflex
B
Modeled behavior
C
Instinct
3. A basic bodily requirement eg. eating or drinking
A
Psychological needs
B
Grit
C
Physiological needs
4. The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
A
Achievement Motivation
B
The Flynn affect
C
Drive-Reduction Theory
5. A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state
A
Consciousness
B
Homeostasis
C
Incentive
6. A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
A
Motivation
B
Conditioning
C
Incentive
7. The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases
A
Yerkes-Dodson Law
B
The Flynn Affect
C
Adaption level phenomena
8. Maslow's hierarchy of needs
A
Safety, physiological, love/belongingness, esteem, self actualization
B
Physiological, safety, love/belongingness, esteem, self-actualization
C
Physiological, safety, esteem, love/belongingness, self actualization
9. Circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
A
Glucose
B
Ghrelin
C
Orexin
10. Optimal weight level the brain sets. Controls hunger motivation.
A
BMI
B
General Adaptation
C
Set point
11. Motivation for a behavior in order to increase brain activity or decrease boredom
A
Arousal theory
B
Adaptation level
C
Two-factor theory
12. Secreted by Pancreas, decreases blood glucose levels by converting to fat, decreases hunger
A
Insulin
B
PYY
C
Leptin
13. Neural network which secrets hunger stimulating hormons
A
Pancreas
B
Arcuate nucleus
C
Thalamus
14. Stimulates hunger when active
A
Medulla
B
Ventromedial hypothalamus
C
Lateral hypothalamus
15. Suppresses hunger when active
A
Lateral hypothalamus
B
Pons
C
Ventromedial hypothalamus
16. Secreted by empty stomach, arouses hunger
A
Leptin
B
Orexin
C
Ghrelin
17. Hunger triggering hormone, secreted in the brain
A
PYY
B
Ghrelin
C
Orexin
18. Secreted by fat cells; when abundant, causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger
A
PYY
B
Insulin
C
Leptin
19. Digestive tract hormone; suppresses hunger
A
PYY
B
Orexin
C
Leptin
20. The body’s resting rate of energy output
A
BMI
B
Set point
C
BMR
21. Motivation due to a desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard
A
Arousal motivation
B
Drive-reduction theory
C
Achievement motivation
22. Motivation due to inborn unconscious drives, shared by species
A
Incentive theory of motivation
B
Achievement motivation
C
Instinct theory of motivation
23. People are motivated to form relationships and connect with others due to-
A
Behavior feedback effect
B
Tend-and-befriend response
C
Affiliation need
24. Deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups
A
Ostracism
B
Prejudice
C
Ingroup bias
25. Excessive self-love and self-absorption
A
Egocentrism
B
Narcissism
C
Antisocial personality disorder
26. Response of an organism containing, physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and a conscious experience
A
Drives
B
Emotion
C
Semantic encoding
27. Experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to a stimulus
A
Cannon-Bard Theory
B
James-Lange Theory
C
Two-Factor Theory
28. Theory: Physiological response and the subjective experience of emotion occur at the same time
A
Cannon-Bard Theory
B
Two-Factor theory
C
James Lange Theory
29. Theory of emotion; state of physiological arousal MUST be accompanied by a cognitive label
A
Cannon-Bard Theory
B
James-Lange theory
C
Two-Factor theory
30. Some emotional responses can occur without appraisal, such as fear
A
Schachter and Singer
B
Zajonc and LeDoux
C
Lazarus
31. All emotions require cognitive appraisal, yet some cognitive appraisals, such as fear, can occur UNCONSCIOUSLY
A
Zajonc and LeDoux
B
Schachter and Singer
C
Lazarus
32. Tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness
A
Behavior feedback effect
B
Positive psychology
C
Facial feedback effect
33. Tendency of behavior to influence our own and others’ thoughts, feelings, and actions
A
Behavior feedback effect
B
Cognitive dissonance
C
Subjective well-being
34. The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events that we appraise as threatening or challenging
A
Catharsis
B
Grit
C
Stress
35. Concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases—alarm, resistance, exhaustion
A
General adaptation syndrome
B
Yerkes-Dodson law
C
Adaptation-level phenomenon
36. Response to stress in which people (especially women) often provide support to others, bond with, and seek support from others
A
Tend and befriend
B
Subjective well-being
C
Behavior feedback effect
37. The (false) idea that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges
A
Relative deprivation
B
Anger management
C
Catharsis
38. Proven to help alleviate symptoms of stress and depression
A
Aerobic exercise
B
Anaerobic exercise
C
Hypnosis
39. People’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood
A
Reciprocity norm
B
Feel-good, do-good phenomenon
C
Behavior feedback effect
40. People's tendency to form judgments relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience
A
Subjective well-being
B
Adaptation-level phenomenon
C
Relative deprivation
41. Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life
A
Subjective well-being
B
Objective well-being
C
Set point
42. The perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself
A
Relative deprivation
B
Spotlight effect
C
Affiliation need