This stage of development focuses on autonomy versus shame or doubt. Giving praise can lead to self-belief and autonomy. If discouraged or not allowed to work independently, they may feel discouraged, ashamed, and doubtful of their abilities.
During this stage, development centers around trust and mistrust. If neglected or needs aren’t met, they develop mistrust.
This stage focuses on intimacy and isolation. They are establishing and building upon relationships. If they have meaningful relationships with they experience intimacy with others (close familiarity or friendship; closeness). If they struggle with relationships, they may feel isolated and lonely.
This stage centers around initiative and guilt. When encouraged they take the initiative to do things independently and they feel a sense of purpose in their life. If they are criticized or discouraged, they may feel guilty instead.
This stage centers around ego integrity and despair. They often feel pride in what they’ve accomplished and want to demonstrate their wisdom to others. f they don’t feel a sense of accomplishment when they look back, they may fall into despair. When that happens, they tend to focus more on regrets.
This stage of development centers around identity and role confusion. They are trying to figure out who they are and establish goals and priorities for their life. They are establishing their place in the world. If overwhelmed by expectations and responsibilities at this stage, they may not be able to establish their identity. This leads to confusion about what their needs and goals are.
This stage focuses on industry and inferiority. They are becoming aware of their individuality. They see accomplishments and seek praise and support from those around them. If offered support and a sense of accomplishment, they feel competent and productive. If they don’t receive positive reinforcement for their accomplishments, they may feel inferior or incompetent.
Development in this stage is around generativity and stagnation or self-absorption. Those who are successful during this phase will feel that they are contributing to the world by being active in their home and community. Those who fail to attain this skill will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world.
School Age 7-12
Maturity 65 and up
Adulthood 40-65
Adolescence 12-18
Early Childhood 2-3
Young Adulthood 18-40
Preschool 3-5
Infancy 0-18 months
