Which muscle can contract, and is attached to the hair follicle at one end and to the underlying tissue below the epidermis at the other?
A.
Subcutaneous
B.
Arrector pili
C.
Hair bulb
D.
Dermal papilla
2.
Where is the base of the hair follicle found?
A.
Prickle cell layer
B.
Horny layer
C.
Dermis
D.
Hypodermis
3.
The hair follicle can be described as
A.
part of the hair visible above the skin
B.
a muscle which contracts to close pores
C.
a gland that secretes water and salt
D.
the pocket in which the hair grows
4.
Which part of the structure secretes natural oil into the follicle? The
A.
sweat gland
B.
sebaceous gland
C.
arrector pili
D.
blood capillaries
5.
Which layer of the hair has overlapping scales and determines porosity?
A.
Medulla
B.
Cuticle
C.
Dermis
D.
Cortex
6.
Which of the following respond to pain, pressure, heat and touch?
A.
Blood vessels
B.
Lymph vessels
C.
Nerve endings
D.
Sweat glands
7.
Which part of the skin structure takes nourishment to the base of the hair follicle?
A.
Sebaceous gland
B.
Dermal papilla
C.
Hair bulb
D.
Sweat gland
8.
Which part of the skin structure opens onto the epidermis, and releases water and waste?
A.
Capillaries
B.
Arrector pili
C.
Sweat gland
D.
Sebaceous gland
9.
Which layer of hair makes up the bulk, and gives the hair its strength and elasticity?
A.
Medulla
B.
Cuticle
C.
Dermis
D.
Cortex
10.
If a client has very fine hair, which layer of hair may not be present?
A.
Medulla
B.
Cuticle
C.
Dermis
D.
Cortex
11.
The hair growth cycle can be described as
A.
catagen, anagen and keratin
B.
keratin, telogen and keratin
C.
anagen, catagen and telogen
D.
anagen, catagen and anagen
12.
Hair that is very straight, resistant, often coarse and dark in colour is known as
A.
Caucasian
B.
European
C.
African
D.
Asian
13.
Identify characteristics of Caucasian hair:
A.
fine, medium or coarse texture, which is straight or wavy
B.
extremely resistant and coarse
C.
very fine and brittle, and always curly
D.
extremely frizzy and fine, and usually straight
14.
Brittle, tightly curled hair that can be fine to coarse in texture are characteristics found in which hair type?
A.
Caucasian
B.
African
C.
Asian
D.
European
15.
Hair will remain in a healthy condition if you
A.
limit the use of strong chemicals
B.
straighten it every day
C.
follow a high fat diet
D.
do not have it cut too often
16.
If a client had a skin reaction as a result of a previous service, it would
A.
restrict the time taken to complete future services
B.
limit or affect the range of services and products offered in the future
C.
be advisable for them not to return to the salon for a month
D.
be advisable to have a course of restructurant treatments
17.
Pediculosis capitis is recognised by
A.
white or light brown specs attached to the hair shaft
B.
small yellow pustules with a hair in the centre
C.
blisters on the skin which weep
D.
small, itchy dry scales
18.
Scabies is caused by a
A.
bacterial infection in the mouth of the hair follicle
B.
parasite that burrows into the epidermis
C.
bacterial infection in the dermal papilla
D.
fungal infection found in the epidermis
19.
A highly contagious infection that forms small blisters on the skin is known as
A.
eczema
B.
psoriasis
C.
impetigo
D.
ringworm
20.
Continual close cutting to the skin can sometimes cause
A.
sebaceous cysts
B.
beaded hair shafts
C.
alopecia areata
D.
ingrowing hairs
21.
Hair loss, recognised by thinning or balding patches is known as
A.
alopecia
B.
psoriasis
C.
folliculitis
D.
sycosis
22.
Which of these conditions should be referred to a general practitioner (GP) to avoid cross-infection?
A.
Fragilitas crinium
B.
Trichorrhexis nodosa
C.
Tinea capitis
D.
Monilethrix
23.
Why is it necessary to refer a client to a pharmacist if you suspect that they had pediculosis capitis? To obtain
A.
chemical-based lotions to combat the condition and avoid cross-infestation
B.
sulphide-based shampoos and conditioners to help to combat the condition
C.
a cream to treat weeping infected areas of the skin to avoid cross-infection
D.
a spirit-based lotion to combat excessive oil and grease on the hair and scalp
24.
Would it be the stylist’s responsibility to name specific conditions when referring a client to a trichologist or general practitioner (GP)?
A.
Yes, to ensure the client retains the information and notifies the salon when booking future services
B.
No, as some hair disorders or skin conditions may appear similar so only a doctor or trichologist should make a diagnosis
C.
Yes, because you would want the client to obtain the correct treatment for
D.
No, because it is personal information and you must consider client
25.
How should a skin test be performed?
A.
Apply directly to the scalp at the nape of the neck to allow development, immediately prior to the colour service
B.
Apply a small amount of oxidized product in the crook of the elbow,
C.
Apply a small amount of product following manufacturer’s instructions,
D.
Apply hydrogen peroxide at the appropriate level to an area of skin,
26.
How should a porosity test be performed and what result should be expected in order to proceed with the service? Take a strand of hair between the thumb and finger and run them from
A.
cuticle to cortex to check if the cuticle is raised after application
B.
points to medulla and medulla to points to check if the cuticle is smooth after application
C.
roots to cortex to check if the cuticle is smooth prior to application
D.
points to roots and roots to points to check if the cuticle is raised prior to application
27.
How should an elasticity test be performed? Take a strand of
A.
dry hair between the fingers and apply tension until it snaps to establish whether it will break, before any service
B.
wet hair between the fingers and stretch gently to establish whether it will return to its original state, before any service
C.
dry hair between the fingers and stretch gently to establish whether it will return to its original state, during any service
D.
wet hair between the fingers and stretch gently to establish whether it will break, during any service
28.
How should an incompatibility test be performed, and what result would be expected in order to proceed with the service?
A.
Before any chemical service, place a test cutting into a solution of 20:1 liquid hydrogen peroxide and ammonium hydroxide for up to 30 minutes; no reaction should be seen
B.
Before any chemical service, place a test cutting into a solution of 1:20 liquid hydrogen peroxide and disulphide for up to 30 minutes; no reaction should be seen
C.
After any chemical service, place a test cutting into a solution of 20:1 relaxing agent and metallic salts for up to 30 minutes; fizzing and bubbling should be seen
D.
After any chemical service, place a test cutting into a solution of 1:20 metallic salts with ammonium hydroxide for up to 30 minutes; bubbling should be seen
29.
Small papules, wavy grey or white lines causing intense itching that can start between the fingers are symptomatic of
A.
pediculosis
B.
impetigo
C.
ringworm
D.
scabies
30.
What could cause the hair shaft to be discoloured and brittle?
A.
Excessive use of keratin-based treatments
B.
Extension of the anagen phase
C.
Excessive heat damage to the hair
D.
Extension of the telogen phase
31.
Why is it important to carry out tests and what are the potential consequences of failing to do so? It
A.
follows salon regulations and avoids cross-contamination
B.
prevents any damage to the hair and scalp, and avoids litigation
C.
conforms to health and safety legislation, and avoids litigation
D.
allows clients’ personal data to be recorded in order to avoid cross-infection
32.
To keep hair healthy and in good condition, it is important to
A.
follow a high fibre diet
B.
follow a healthy diet
C.
use only organic styling products
D.
use only organophosphate-based products
33.
Why is it important to test the hair before a service? To
A.
prevent damage to the hair
B.
restrict the service times
C.
reduce the amount of product used
D.
prevent damage to the stylist’s skin
34.
A client’s lifestyle should be discussed during the consultation to
A.
identify appropriate services and products
B.
discuss any personal problems with the client
C.
relax the client and make the service last longer
D.
appear interested in the client’s life and build a rapport
35.
What should you do if the hair fails an incompatibility test prior to a chemical service?
A.
Offer a porosity equaliser to protect it from the chemical service
B.
Condition the hair before the service to help protect it
C.
Offer a treatment service as an alternative to chemical services
D.
Carry out the service and record it on a record card
36.
If you discovered an adverse skin and/or scalp condition during consultation, what action should you take?
A.
Continue with the service, record condition and products used on the record card and refer the client to a medically trained person
B.
Continue with the service, record condition and products used on a record card and check throughout the service that the client is happy
C.
The service should not be carried out, record condition on the record card and the client should be referred to a medically trained person
D.
The service should not be carried out, record condition on the record card and advise client on what they can buy in the chemist
37.
Red, splitting, weeping skin which is itchy is known as
A.
folliculitis
B.
eczema
C.
dandruff
D.
pediculosis capitis
38.
Thick silvery scales, which can be itchy and bleed are symptomatic of
A.
eczema
B.
dandruff
C.
pediculosis capitis
D.
psoriasis
39.
Small yellow pustules with hair in the centre are symptomatic of
A.
folliculitis
B.
psoriasis
C.
dandruff
D.
ingrowing hair
40.
Small, itchy, dry scales which lie on the scalp are symptomatic of
A.
psoriasis
B.
eczema
C.
dandruff
D.
pediculosis capitis
41.
Hard lumps with dark patches in the middle, which lie underneath the surface of the skin are symptomatic of
A.
ingrowing hair
B.
eczema
C.
psorasis
D.
dandruff
42.
Large red spots with a scaly border, and bald patches are symptomatic of
A.
alopecia
B.
eczema
C.
impetigo
D.
ringworm
43.
A condition that can sometimes be caused by soap and detergents is
A.
scabies
B.
folliculitis
C.
impetigo
D.
eczema
44.
An example of a fungal skin infection is
A.
impetigo
B.
eczema
C.
ringworm
D.
alopecia
45.
An example of a bacterial infection is
A.
impetigo
B.
eczema
C.
ringworm
D.
alopecia
46.
A condition that is thought to be brought on by stress or shock is
A.
alopecia
B.
eczema
C.
dandruff
D.
folliculitis
47.
When the production of skin cells is too fast, the skin cells build up causing
A.
dandruff
B.
psoriasis
C.
eczema
D.
folliculitis
48.
A condition that is caused by bacteria entering damaged skin caused by irritation such as shaving is
A.
eczema
B.
folliculitis
C.
alopecia
D.
scabies
49.
Harsh cleansers, too much heat and dry environments can cause
A.
alopecia
B.
scabies
C.
dandruff
D.
ingrowing hairs
50.
Why is it necessary to refer a client to a trichologist if the stylist suspects the client has alopecia? To ensure the client
A.
receives no further damage to the hair and scalp
B.
receives a qualified diagnosis and treatment of the condition
C.
obtains chemical-based lotions to combat the condition
D.
obtains sulphide-based shampoos and conditioners
51.
Pediculosis capitis is caused by
A.
small parasites which bite the scalp
B.
itch mites that burrow under the skin
C.
a bacterial infection
D.
a viral infection
52.
Which environmental factor can have a negative effect on the hair’s condition?
