1.
The child has Tetralogy of Fallot, a defect that usually causes which symptom?
A
hypoxemia/hypercyanotic spells
B
congestive heart failure
C
heart attacks
2.
This is a term for anatomical abnormalities present at birth that cause dysfunction.
A
hereditary
B
congenital
C
acquired
3.
Which of the following is a positive inotrope, a drug that helps improve heart contractility and ultimately output in patients with heart failure?
A
diuretic
B
ACE inhibitor
C
digoxin
4.
This class of drugs is utilized to help remove excess sodium and fluid causing edema in heart failure patients.
A
ACE inhibitor
B
diuretics
C
digoxin
5.
This class of drugs helps to reduce systemic vascular resistance, thus reducing afterload on the heart.
A
diuretic
B
digoxin
C
ACE inhibitor
6.
A
B
C
7.
Which diuretic is the only that will spare potassium from being wasted with the other electrolytes into urine?
A
Spironolactone
B
Furosemide (Lasix)
C
Hydrochlorothiazide
8.
A patient with heart failure is experiencing bradycardia and vomiting. What should be suspected?
A
endocarditis
B
group A streptococcus infection leading to rheumatic heart disease
C
digoxin toxicity
9.
The nurse takes an infant's pulse apically prior to medication administration of digoxin for 1 minute and it is 80 bpm. What action should be taken?
A
hold this digoxin dose
B
give digoxin dose as directed
C
call 911
10.
The nurse takes the pulse of a 10 year old child prior to digoxin administration and gets 110 bpm. What action should the nurse take?
A
Hold the digoxin
B
Administer the digoxin as directed
C
Call 911
11.
What lab value is imperative to monitor for patients on digoxin, as any decrease can lower the toxicity threshold?
A
sodium
B
magnesium
C
potassium
12.
The following group of defects cause heart failure symptoms due to increasing pulmonary blood flow, causing pulmonary congestion:
A
Endocarditis
B
Tetralogy of Fallot, Tricuspid atresia
C
ASD, VSD, patent ductus arteriosus
13.
Coarctation of the aorta causes a noticeable constriction of the aorta, affecting blood flow and creating an arterial pressure difference. What is an expected manifestation?
A
low BP in arms, bounding pulses and high BP in lower extremities
B
high BP in arms, weak pulses and lower BP in lower extremities
C
cyanosis
14.
Which of the following is an early manifestation of heart failure?
A
bradycardia
B
cyanosis
C
tachycardia
15.
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a rapid abnormal rhythm of the heart. What is a non-invasive strategy that can be attempted to reverse this rhythm?
A
Ablation
B
Cardioversion
C
Valsalva manuevers
16.
A child had a cardiac catheterization. What could be a sign of bleeding other than visual confirmation on the dressing?
A
hypertension
B
hypotension
C
increased urine output
17.
What is an education emphasis for parents of a child having a heart catheterization procedure?
A
The child will need to keep the affected leg straight and still at least 6 hours post-procedure
B
The child will be unable to receive fluids post-procedure for several hours
C
The child will have to wear a 24-hr Holter heart monitor following the procedure
18.
Symptoms of pulmonary congestion in heart failure would include:
