Methods to modify smoke movement for the benefit of occupants or fire fighters or to reduce property
2.
What is compartmentation in smoke management?
A
The use of barriers to provide smoke protection to spaces remote from the fire
B
The use of chemicals to neutralize smoke
C
The use of fans to remove smoke from a compartment
3.
What is dilution in smoke management?
A
The process of maintaining an acceptable smoke concentration in a compartment by supplying outside a
B
The process of sealing off a compartment to prevent smoke infiltration
C
The process of removing smoke from a compartment using fans
4.
Can a building's HVAC system effectively dilute smoke in a fire space?
A
It depends on the size of the HVAC system
B
No, HVAC systems do not result in any practical improvement in tenable conditions within the fire sp
C
Yes, HVAC systems can significantly improve tenable conditions within the fire space
5.
What is the equation for calculating smoke leakage through barriers?
A
Leakage rate equation
B
Flow through an opening equation
C
Smoke leakage equation
6.
What is the purpose of dilution in smoke management after a fire has been extinguished?
A
To increase the concentration of smoke in the fire space
B
To prevent smoke from entering spaces remote from the fire
C
To remove smoke that has entered spaces remote from the fire
7.
What is the initial concentration of contaminant in the smoke dilution equation?
A
C0
B
t
C
C
8.
What are some methods of smoke management discussed in the text?
A
Fire suppression, evacuation, and ventilation
B
Compartmentation, dilution, airflow, pressurization, and buoyancy
C
Smoke detection, fire alarms, and sprinkler systems
9.
What is needed to increase understanding of the passive capabilities of barriers in smoke compartmentation?
A
More effort and research
B
More regulations and codes
C
More funding and resources
10.
What is the purpose of pressurization systems in smoke control?
A
Supplying additional oxygen to the fire
B
Preventing smoke backflows through small gaps and openings
C
Controlling smoke flow in subway tunnels
11.
Which computer program is commonly used for analysis of pressurized smoke-control systems?
A
NFPA 92A
B
ASCOS
C
CONTAM
12.
What are the three major design concerns with pressurized stairwells?
A
Building leakage arrangements, stairwell pressurization, and exterior doors
B
Nonuniform pressure differences, large pressure fluctuations, and location of supply air inlets and
C
Smoke infiltration, stairwell height, and door openings
13.
What is the concept of zoned smoke control?
A
Exhausting the fire floor and pressurizing surrounding floors
B
Dividing a building into smoke zones to restrict smoke spread to the zone in which the fire began
C
Using airflow to manage smoke in subway tunnels
14.
What are some examples of large-volume spaces where buoyancy systems are used for smoke management?
A
Residential buildings, restaurants, hotels
B
Offices, schools, hospitals
C
Atria, arcades, covered shopping malls, sports arenas and exhibition halls
15.
What is the approach called where smoke is allowed to fill the large-volume space while occupants evacuate the atrium?
A
Unsteady clear height with upper layer exhaust
B
Smoke filling
C
Steady clear height with upper layer exhaust
16.
How can evacuation time be estimated for the smoke filling approach?
A
Smoke filling time equations
B
People movement analysis
C
Fire model analysis
17.
What is the approach called where smoke is exhausted from the atrium top at a rate that allows occupants sufficient time for decision making and evacuation?
A
Smoke filling
B
Steady clear height with upper layer exhaust
C
Unsteady clear height with upper layer exhaust
18.
What is the approach called where smoke is exhausted from the top of the atrium to achieve a steady clear height for a steady fire?
A
Steady clear height with upper layer exhaust
B
Smoke filling
C
Unsteady clear height with upper layer exhaust
19.
What are the major factors that cause smoke movement in low buildings?
A
Temperature difference, air-tightness, and air leakage
B
Heat, convective movement, and fire pressures
C
Stack effect, external wind forces, and forced air movement
20.
What is the stack effect?
A
The influence of external wind forces on smoke movement
B
The forced air movement within a building
C
The vertical natural air movement through a building caused by temperature and density differences
21.
What is the orifice equation used for?
A
To measure the density of gas in a path
B
To describe flow through openings with a pressure difference
C
To calculate the stack effect in tall buildings
22.
What is the stack effect responsible for during a fire in high-rise buildings?
A
Wide distribution of smoke and toxic gases
B
Reduced temperature difference between inside and outside air
C
Increased air-tightness of exterior walls
23.
What is the vertical air movement in a building caused by?
A
External wind forces
B
The natural draft or stack effect
C
Forced air movement by mechanical systems
24.
What does the magnitude of the stack effect depend on?
A
Building height and air-tightness of exterior walls
B
Difference between inside and outside temperatures and vertical distance between openings
C
Air leakage between floors of the building
25.
What is the convective portion of the heat release rate, Qc, in the equation?
A
Qc
B
I
C
k
26.
What does the convective fraction depend on?
A
The specific heat of plume gases
B
The mass flow in plume at height z
C
Heat conduction through the fuel and radiative heat transfer of the flames
27.
What is the average temperature increase above room temperature denoted as?
A
m
B
Qc
C
AT
28.
What is the total heat release rate denoted as?
A
Q
B
z
C
Qc
29.
What are the primary moving forces that transport smoke in buildings?
A
Heat, convective movement, and fire pressures
B
Stack effect, wind effect, and mechanical air movement systems
C
Entrainment of cool air, radiant energy losses, and stack effect
30.
What can cause smoke movement in tall buildings?
A
Heat, convective movement, and fire pressures
B
Stack effect
C
Entrainment of cool air, radiant energy losses, and mechanical air movement systems
31.
What is the primary factor that causes smoke movement in lower buildings?
A
Stack effect
B
Entrainment of cool air, radiant energy losses, and mechanical air movement systems
