The Earth’s crust is cracked into several pieces called:
A.
mantle
B.
crust
C.
tectonic plates
3.
______ is the layer of the Earth between the crust and the core extending from approximately 10-35 km to 2900 km below the Earth’s surface..
A.
mantle
B.
crust
C.
tectonic plates
4.
Together, the crust, and the mantle make up a layer called the_____
A.
athenosphere
B.
lithosphere
C.
atmosphere
5.
_______ is a soft, partially molten layer in the Earth’s upper mantle beneath the lithosphere.
A.
athenosphere
B.
lithosphere
C.
atmosphere
6.
is a type of intrusive igneous rock characterized by its coarse crystal size and mineral composition (quartz, feldspar, and iron-magnesium silicates).
A.
Nickel
B.
Basalt
C.
Granite
7.
_________is the most common extrusive igneous rock on Earth.
A.
Nickel
B.
Basalt
C.
Granite
8.
_______ is the theoretical balance of all large portions of the Earth’s crust as though they were floating on a denser underlying layer.
A.
Isostatic
B.
Ecstatic
C.
Hyperstatic
9.
_________ is any material composed of minerals, rock fragments, or the remains or products of plants and animals that has been eroded from and deposited on the Earth’s surface by the action of wind and water.
A.
Silt
B.
Basalt
C.
Sediment
10.
________ is a hard, very fine-grained metamorphic rock with a distinct fissility or plate-like character. It typically forms from shale.
A.
Mantle
B.
Magma
C.
Slate
11.
Molten rock within the Earth’s crust and upper mantle that forms igneous rocks when cooled is called:
A.
sediment
B.
lava
C.
magma
12.
Any process that loosens or dissolves and removes soil or rock material from any part of the Earth’s surface is called :
A.
erosion
B.
weathering
C.
explosion
13.
___________ is a type of rock that is formed by the cooling and crystallization of magma either within the Earth (intrusive) or at its surface (extrusive).
A.
Igneous
B.
Fossil
C.
Sediment
14.
_______are layers of sedimentary rock lying parallel to one another and arranged one on top of another.
A.
Plates
B.
Mantle
C.
Strata
15.
Three major rock types which combine in complex arrangements to make up the continents:
A.
granite, basalt, and sediment.
B.
lime, marble, and granite.
C.
igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary.
16.
_______ is the layer or layers of rock where the repository is located. It is any rock or strata that surrounds something else.
A.
Host rock
B.
Strata
C.
Mantle
17.
The movement of water through rock depends on the ________ of the rock, that is, the connected pore spaces in the layers. So water may migrate to the nearest body of water or it may be absorbed by the Earth for thousands of years.
A.
density
B.
porosity
C.
permeability
18.
Scientists who study the flow of water above and below the ground are known as :
A.
scuba divers
B.
oceanographers
C.
hydrologists
19.
____________,a type of low-permeability rock, are also important because they inhibit the movement of water.
A.
Aquamarines
B.
Aquitards
C.
Aquifers
20.
Large amounts of water are held underground in the pore spaces and fractures of _______
A.
aquamarines
B.
aquitards
C.
aquifers
21.
__________ is a melting region in the Earth’s upper mantle that is persistent or lasts for tens of millions of years.
A.
Crater
B.
Eruption
C.
Hot spot
22.
The emission or ejection of volcanic materials caused by the sudden release of pressure through an opening or vent in the Earth’s surface is called an:
A.
crater
B.
eruption
C.
hot spot
23.
A _________is an opening at the Earth’s surface through which volcanic materials escape during an eruption.
A.
faul
B.
fissure
C.
vent
24.
A _______is a large crack or planar break in the Earth’s crust.
A.
fault
B.
fissure
C.
vent
25.
A _________is a surface or narrow zone along which one side has moved relative to the other in a direction parallel to the surface or zone.
A.
fault
B.
fissure
C.
vent
26.
________rocks are formed when heat, pressure and/or a chemical agent changes the original rock.
A.
Metamorphic
B.
Slate
C.
Magma
27.
The trough or deepest part of a stream through which most of the water flows is called a:
A.
channel
B.
levee
C.
sediment
28.
A large wave caused by a landslide, undersea earthquake, or volcanic eruption is called a :
A.
flood
B.
tornado
C.
tsunami
29.
________ are unusually heavy overflows of water from streams, oceans, and other bodies of water onto land areas that usually are not submerged.
A.
Floods
B.
Storms
C.
Tsunamis
30.
The periodic rise and fall of the ocean surface caused mainly by the gravitational attraction of the sun and moon:
A.
waves
B.
tide
C.
storm surge
31.
A quickly rising tide that can cause extensive damage to coastal towns is called a:
A.
waves
B.
tide
C.
storm surge
32.
_________ is the area of land, above a specified point on a stream, that collects and drains all surface water into that stream.
A.
Flood plain
B.
Watershed
C.
Deposit
33.
Any process by which minerals or rock materials are precipitated or laid down on the Earth’s surface is known as :
A.
flood plain
B.
watershed
C.
deposit
34.
___________is an area of low, flat ground (plain) on both sides of a stream that is subject to frequent flooding.
