8.
what are some strange or non universal functions of stems
A
support and storage
B
storage and photosynthesis
C
photosyntehsis and transpiration
9.
which of the following is not contained in vascular bundles of stems
A
cortex parenchyma
B
xylem and phloem
C
schlerenchyma fibers
10.
which 3 things are the most basic parts of the stem
A
vascular tissue, epidermis, and pith
B
epidermis, cortex, and vascular cambium
C
vascular tissue, parenchyma, and sclerenchyma
11.
shoots generally get longer
A
near the tip
B
from the base
C
by dividing at the middle
12.
where does vascular cambium start developing
A
inbetween the xylem and phloem
B
between the cortex parenchyma and epidermis
C
at the middle of the cell
13.
where is the youngest bark in the secondary stem
A
toward the inside
B
toward the outside
C
in the middle
14.
where is the youngest wood in the secondary stem
A
toward the outside
B
toward the inside
C
in the middle
15.
ray cells
A
allow horizontal communication in trees
B
allow vertical communication in trees
C
allow transfer of materials and horizontal communication in trees
16.
longitudinal cells
A
allow vertical communication in trees
B
allow horizontal communication in trees
C
allow transfer of materials
17.
gymnosperms evolutionarily have what xylem
A
only tracheids
B
tracheids and vessels
C
only vessels
18.
what are the two main contributing factors that allow trees to be tall
A
wood and secondary growth
B
xylem vessels and xylem tracheids
C
GOE and Chloroplasts
19.
the tallest tree in the world is
A
an 115 m tall coastal redwood
B
is a 175 m tall Canadian redpine
C
is 83 m tall ancient redwood in Australia
20.
what is the transpiration ratio
A
for every kg of CO2 taken up 200-1000 kg of water is lost
B
for every kg of water evaporated the leaf takes in 3 kg CO2
C
for every kg of O2 the leaf must also take up 2 kg CO2
21.
which is not a theory on how water gets from soil to the tops of tall trees
A
pushed from bottom via mycorrhizal assocations
B
capillarity in xylem
C
pulled by suction from top
22.
water moves up via capillary pressure farther in
A
small tubes
B
large tubes
C
tubes with many pores
23.
how high can capillary pressure in tracheids take water
A
3 m
B
100 m
C
10 m
24.
what causes root pressure
A
osmotic potentials generated by active transport of nutrients creating positive pressure
B
Evaporation in leaves causes a positive pressure force to uptake nutrients
C
due to the cation exchange capacity having a net charge and roots pulling at charged nutrients
25.
how high can root pressure push water
A
1-2 meters
B
not a significant enough amount to measure
C
3 m
26.
how high can suction pull water in a garden hose
A
10 m
B
3 m
C
a little under 50 m
27.
why can water only be pulled 10 m in a garden hose due to suction
A
it reaches the barometric height and air bubbles
B
because the hose is too flimsy to be reinforced under the negative pressure
C
the air causes a negative pressure vortex to stop flow at that height
28.
bumblebee aerodynamics proves
A
the phsyics were incomplete and incorrectly implied
B
the phsyics was wrong
C
scientists are not able to figure everything out
29.
what theory explains how tall trees are possible through resistance of flowing tube being overcame by water evaporation in mesophyll causing negative pressure in leaves
A
tension-cohesion theory
B
matic potential theory
C
capillary force theory
30.
water potential is ______ in the atmosphere compared to plants
A
much lower and very negative
B
lower and postively charged
C
higher and has a negative charge
31.
what prevents the water column in xylem from breaking in the tension-cohesion theory
A
cohesion forces between water molecules
B
compressional forces from the atmosphere
C
osmotic potential in the cell pores
32.
what part of the plant has significant capillary forces
A
pores between the cellulose microfibrils
B
thin xylem tracheids
C
large xylem vessels
33.
the pores between cells can suck water due to capillary forces as high as
A
1 1/2 km
B
150 m
C
83 m
34.
xylem vessels and trachieds have a tensile strength comparable to
A
copper wire
B
a garden hose
C
an overfilled covert
35.
smaller tubes are _____ likely to form air bubbles
A
less
B
more
C
evenly
36.
what do you call a xylem vessel that underwent cavitation and is now empty of water
