1.
A study finds a correlation coefficient of r=.32. According to Cohen’s benchmarks, the magnitude of this effect is:
A
Moderate
B
Large
C
Categorical
2.
When examining an association claim using a bar graph, an association is indicated by which of the following?
A
The number of bars in the graph
B
A difference in height between bars
C
The direction of the bars
3.
When might a small effect still be important?
A
When external validity is high
B
When the sample is very large
C
When the study has life-or-death implications
4.
Statistical significance depends on which of the following?
A
Sample size and number of variables analyzed.
B
Direction of the association and strength of the association.
C
Sample size and effect size.
5.
When evaluating the external validity of an association claim, which of the following is the MOST important issue to consider?
A
The way the sample was selected from the population
B
The number of subgroups
C
The size of the original population
6.
Which of the following is true of moderators?
A
They help establish a cause and effect relationship.
B
They decrease effect size.
C
They can inform external validity
7.
According to the textbook, which of the following is a reason that multiple regression designs are inferior to experimental designs?
A
They can only control for third variables that are measured.
B
They take longer to conduct.
C
They are more expensive to conduct.
8.
The pattern and parsimony approach to causation is a good example of which cycle in research?
A
Journal-journalism cycle
B
Basic applied cycle
C
Theory-data cycle
9.
When determining mediation, how many steps are necessary?
A
Two
B
Three
C
Five
10.
Which of the following is NOT true of control variables?
A
They help establish internal validity
B
They help define the control group
C
They are kept the same for all participants
11.
Experiments use random assignment to avoid which of the following?
A
Random selection
B
Carryover effects
C
Selection effects
12.
An independent-groups design is also known as a______
A
Between-subjects design
B
Mixed design
C
Matched-groups design
13.
Which research design can be used to address possible selection effects?
A
Pretest/posttest designs
B
Matched-groups designs
C
Correlational designs
14.
Which of the following is a threat to internal validity found in within-groups designs but not in independent-groups designs?
A
Design confounds
B
Demand characteristics
C
Practice effects
15.
Random selection enhances ________ and random assignment enhances ________.
A
Internal validity; internal validity
B
Internal validity; external validity.
C
External validity; internal validity
16.
Generally, what is the main priority for experimental studies?
A
Construct validity
B
Internal validity
C
Statistical validity
17.
Which of the following is NOT true of third variables and mediating variables?
A
Third variables are considered nuisances, but mediating variables are not.
B
Third variables can be detected using multiple regression techniques, but mediating variables can't.
C
Third variables are not usually of central interest to researchers, but mediating variables are.
18.
Which popular press headline does NOT suggest that a multiple regression has been used?
A
“Dog ownership decreases stress.”
B
"When controlling for experience, people who're happier with their jobs report more productivity.”
C
The link between trauma & the development of anxiety exists when controlling for parental anxiety.
19.
Which of the following is NOT a question you should ask about the statistical validity of an association claim?
A
What is the effect size?
B
Are there subgroups?
C
Is random assignment affecting the findings?
20.
Martin has found a correlation of r=.18 between the two variables of caffeine consumption and frontal lobe activity. This correlation is more likely to be statistically significant if:
A
The study can be applied to the real world
B
Martin used a larger number of subjects
C
Martin’s measure of caffeine consumption is categorical
