Alzheimers
Aids dementia
Korsakoff/ alcohol induced
Lewy Body Dementia
Picks Disease
Huntingtons disease (dementia with extrapyramidal symptoms)
• caused by distinctive brain lesions without physiological basis. • tangles and plaques replace normal tissue in the cell body. • causes global decline in cognitive functioning • loss of voluntary functioning such as bladder and bowel functions, later functioning
• slow onset • thiamine deficiency ( prophylactic) • symptoms fluctuate • abstract thinking, calculations, impaired judgement • personality changes
• presence of Lewy body substance in the cerebral cortex, less or absent tangles and plaques • fluctuations between lucid and impaired, • pattern persists over long period, sustained impairment • paranoid delusions • vivid hallucinations • unexplained falls • transient disturbance consciousness • neuroleptic meds show toxic effect-
• onset between 40-60 years • shrinkage of brain tissue in frontal and temporal lobes • behavioural changes early diagnostic indicator • emotional disinhibition • hypersexuality, exhibitionist • apathy, iritability, mood disturbance • ritual behaviours- picking, scratching, licking or sucking • CT imaging • Poor prognosis – usually within 6 years of diagnosis
• Genetically inherited- children of parent has 1:2 chance of developing • Present at birth- symptoms 35-45 begin manifestation • Progressive • Not all develop dementia • Poor problem solvers, poor judgement • Lose ability to converse intelligently lose speech • Emotional disinhibition • Aggression • Depression with suicide risk • Marked disturbance with motor abilities • Abnormal jerking movements • Swallowing declines • No cure, vegetative, early death
• rapid onset • global cognitive impairment • ataxia • memory disturbance • motor problems apparent before cognitive impairment (this is the reverse of the sequence of events in Alzheimer’s Disease) • cognitive wax and wane • aphasia is absent
