Prevention: irradiate blood products prior to transfusion
Cause: immune response to foreign RBC antigens
Prevention: Avoid unnecessary transfusio
Cause: immunologically competent donor WBCs form antibodies to recipient antigens, mounting an immune response against the patient
Cause: massive transfusion leads to low levels of platelets and/or coagulation proteins that do not survive blood storage conditions
Cause: chronic transfusions leading to a build-up of excess iron in liver, heart, and endocrine glands
Treatment: corticosteroids, plasmapheresis
Cause: immune response to foreign antigens on WBCs and platelets
Prevention: check records, use fresh specimens for Ab screening and XM, use Ag-negative blood.
Cause: recipient antibody to platelets (usually anti-P1A1)
Prevention: avoid unnecessary transfusion, give leuko-reduced or irradiated blood where indicated
Prevention: transfuse P1A1 negative platelets in the future
Cause: recipient antibody to antigen on donor RBCs causing (mostly extravascular) hemolysis
Treatment: iron chelation therapy
Treatment: treat as necessary based on Sx, evaluate renal function, pay close attention to differential diagnosis with sickle cell patients (may resemble sickle crisis).
Treatment: does not respond to most treatment regimens
Prevention: monitor platelets during and after transfusion
Prevention: keep transfusions to a minimum, transfuse with neocytes
Treatment: administer platelets
