Hyperglycemia
Hypertension
Reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)
Fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL (or receiving drug therapy for hyperglycemia)
Abdominal obesity
Elevated LDL-C levels: Statins
Electrocardiography (rest/stress ECG)
Elevated triglyceride levels: Consider niacin, fibrates, and omega-3 fatty acids
Stress single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or cardiac positron emission tomography (PET)
Decreased HDL-C levels: Consider niacin
Hypertriglyceridemia
Chest pain or shortness of breath: Suggesting the rise of cardiovascular and other complications
Ultrasonography (vascular, or rest/stress echocardiography)
Blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg (or receiving drug therapy for hypertension)
Hyperglycemia: Insulin-sensitizing agent, such as metformin