In
one
study
of
10
pilomatrixoma
lesions
,
all
immunostaining
results
were
____________________
positive
for
BCL2
.
This
is
a
proto
-
oncogene
that
____________________
suppress
apoptosis
in
benign
____________________
malignant
tumors
;
these
data
suggest
that
faulty
suppression
of
apoptosis
____________________
to
the
pathogenesis
of
these
tumors
.
More
recently
,
investigators
____________________
____________________
that
the
proliferating
cells
of
human
pilomatrixomas
show
prominent
staining
with
antibodies
directed
against
LEF
-
1
(
a
marker
for
hair
matrix
cells
)
.
Evidence
also
indicates
that
S100
proteins
____________________
be
used
as
biochemical
markers
in
characterization
of
pilomatrixomas
.
These
data
provide
biochemical
support
____________________
morphological
evidence
that
these
tumors
are
____________________
from
hair
matrix
cells
.
Furthermore
,
investigators
have
____________________
that
at
least
75%
of
persons
with
pilomatrixomas
who
have
____________________
have
mutations
in
the
gene
CTNNB1
;
these
data
directly
implicate
beta
-
catenin
/
LEF
misregulation
as
the
major
cause
of
hair
matrix
cell
tumorigenesis
in
humans
.
