Flow rate
Cytologic examination of the urine
Pressure-flow studies
PVR urine volume
Urodynamic studies
Useful in the initial assessment and to help determine the patient’s response to treatment
May be considered in patients with predominantly irritative voiding symptoms
To help distinguish poor bladder contraction ability (detrusor underactivity) from BOO
Used to gauge the severity of bladder decompensation; it can be obtained invasively with a catheter or noninvasively with a transabdominal ultrasonic scanner
Findings may prove useful for evaluating for BOO
