Hostile expectation bias
______ effectively reduce the chances of an aggressive response to a transgression
Three features of aggression
Blocking the amygdala leads to _________ .
Thanatos
Eros
Successful intervention
Aggression is best treated when _____.
Violent criminals have more naturally occurring _______ than non-violent criminals.
At what age are people most aggressive?
What is the most dangerous age to be violent?
Three ways in which video games may impact violence more than TV
Empathy
Types of aggression
Frustration
Catharsis
Weapons effect
Aggression
Factors that influence likelihood of aggression
Violence
Social rejection
Punishment
Hostile attribution bias
Instrumental aggression
Relational aggression
Income inequality
Heat
Video games
Expectancy theories
Punishment is most effective when it is:
Stimulating the amygdala leads to ________ .
Theories of intoxicated aggression
Hostile aggression
Aggressive humans have abnormally low levels of ________ .
Media violence
Hostile perception bias
Pharmacological theories
Serotonin
Focus on how social attitudes facilitate aggression
Acting aggressively or even viewing aggression purges angry feelings and aggressive impulses into harmless channels (in reality, this has the opposite effect)
The capacity to feel and understand what another person is feeling, from their perspective; more leads to reduced aggression
Motivation towards life
Tendency to perceive social interactions in general as being aggressive
Aggression intended to cause extreme physical harm
Does not necessarily stem from feelings of anger; pain or injury comes as a means to an end
First, it's a behaviour, not an internal response. Second, it's intentional rather than accidental. Third, the victim wants to avoid the harm.
Late adolescence - early adulthood
Intentionally harming another person's social relationships, feelings of acceptance, or inclusion within a group
increased violence
Intentional behaviour aimed at causing either psychological or physical pain
1-3 years old.
85% of American teens play video games regularly; situational cause of aggression
Motivation towards death
The perception that you are being prevented from obtaining a goal; situational cause of aggression
Stems from feelings of anger; inflicting pain or some injury is an end in and of itself
Focus on how alcohol disrupts cognitive processes
Intense, prompt, applied consistently and with certainty, perceived as justified, and possible to replace the undesirable behaviour with a desirable alternative
By age 12 the average American has seen about 100,000 violent acts on TV; situational factor of aggression
Evolutionarily maladaptive; situational cause of aggression
Apologies
people are still early in development
testosterone
Tendency to perceive ambiguous actions by others as hostile actions
Crime is higher in hotter climates, crime rises in summer; situational cause of aggression
The increase in aggression that occurs as a result of the mere presence of a weapon
Goal proximity, unexpected frustration, characteristics of the cause of your frustration
Physical, emotional, direct, indirect
Video games are active, TV is passive. Video game players are more likely to identify with a violent character than TV watchers. Violent games directly reward players for violent behaviour.
Large gaps between wages of rich and poor; situational cause of aggression
Pharmacological theories and expectancy theories
Inflicting pain or removing pleasure for a misdeed (ineffective)
decreased violence
Tendency to expect others to react to potential conflicts with aggression
Target as many causes of aggression as possible and attempt to tackle them collectively
