CMI Exam Review: World PovertyOnline version Four world poverty authors: Hardin, Arthur, Pogge, and Singer x2 (I've separated Singer's views into two separate categories, in accordance with his two articles). by Kristen Ekstrom 1 Hardin 2 Singer (1st Article) 3 Arthur 4 Pogge 5 Singer (2nd Article) It is immoral to gamble with human life. Richer nations shouldn't help poor countries because it will just worsen the problem. It is better to ensure the certain safety of a group than to risk the group's safety in order to help more people. The Unrestricted Moral Principle says that we must always help someone in need, unless helping them would cause a similar harm to oneself. The Restricted Moral Principle says that we must help someone in need if we don't have to sacrifice anything of moral significance in the process. We don't need an explicit definition of moral significance; people can define it for themselves. We cannot be obligated to give away any of our time, money, or possessions that we acquired fairly. Our entitlements, such as rights and deserts, outweigh our obligations to help other people. Singer is way too optimistic about humanity. Morality is only useful to the degree that humans can & will actually adhere to it. Hardin's claim that aiding poor nations will only increase their problems and worsen the state of things is wrong. Giving resources to poor nations will actually result in a decrease in the population. Arthur's reliance on the concept of the affluents' entitlement to their resources is misguided. Looking at history and the present, we can see that much of the affluent did not acquire their cushy lives fairly. Motivation does not draw a moral difference between actively killing and letting die. Outcomes do not draw a moral difference between actively killing and letting die. The victim of wrongdoing does not have to be identifiable for the wrongdoing to be wrong. There is no moral difference between shooting a poor person and failing to contribute money or resources to a charitable cause. We are all murderers.
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