Presentation Layer
Application Layer
Network Layer
Session Layer
Data Link Layer
Transport Layer
Physical Layer
Error Handling at the frame level, Frame, and the Physical Address (MAC)
Establishes, manages and ends user connections, Manages interaction between end systems, and Data syncing between applications
Error recovery and flow control, User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and Port
Bitstream, Cabling Media, and Signal
Encryption, Provides data transformation to provide common interface and Compression
Logical IP Address, Data routing and relaying standards, and Packet
Provides services directly to user applications, Authentication and HTTP & FTP used at this layer
