determining how universal the findings are
objective analysis and evaluation of an issue
replication
a supposition or a system of ideas to explain something
naturalistic observation
case study
self-report
over a period of time
theory
proposition made as a basis for reasoning
hindsight bias
observation in natural habitat
operational definition
defining the terms of a process
hypothesis
survey
errors that can occur in research studies by not properly selecting participants
critical thinking
sampling bias
"knew-it-all-along" phenomenon