Do
you
know
what
?
centenary
?
means
?
It
means
the
100
-
year
anniversary
of
something
.
This
week
is
the
centenary
of
the
arrival
at
the
South
Pole
of
the
first
British
explorers
,
____________________
by
Captain
Robert
Scott
.
The
English
word
?
Arctic
?
means
the
area
of
the
world
around
the
North
Pole
.
The
Arctic
is
not
land
,
but
sea
?
frozen
sea
.
However
,
the
South
Pole
is
in
the
centre
of
an
icy
continent
,
Antarctica
,
and
100
years
ago
Antarctica
____________________
still
largely
unknown
.
There
had
____________________
expeditions
to
explore
some
of
the
coastal
areas
,
and
some
of
these
expeditions
had
____________________
inland
.
But
the
centre
of
the
continent
,
and
the
South
Pole
itself
,
was
____________________
.
No
-
one
had
ever
been
there
.
Robert
Scott
was
____________________
in
1868
.
He
____________________
the
Royal
Navy
at
the
age
of
13
.
Over
the
years
,
he
____________________
in
rank
,
and
____________________
an
expert
in
naval
torpedoes
.
In
1899
,
he
____________________
that
the
Royal
Geographical
Society
in
London
____________________
to
send
an
expedition
to
Antarctica
.
Although
he
____________________
no
previous
experience
of
Antarctica
,
he
was
enthusiastic
about
the
challenges
of
the
expedition
,
and
he
volunteered
to
____________________
it
.
The
expedition
____________________
for
Antarctica
in
July
1901
,
and
____________________
two
years
in
the
____________________
continent
.
It
____________________
some
very
useful
scientific
work
,
and
a
group
led
by
Scott
____________________
far
into
the
interior
of
Antarctica
,
to
a
point
only
750
kilometres
from
the
South
Pole
itself
.
But
the
extreme
cold
____________________
the
party
to
turn
back
,
and
they
____________________
to
their
base
a
month
later
ill
and
____________________
.
The
expedition
had
come
to
Antarctica
with
very
little
experience
of
cold
climates
.
The
explorers
had
to
learn
how
best
to
travel
over
the
ice
and
snow
.
They
had
____________________
dogs
with
them
to
pull
their
sledges
,
but
they
did
not
____________________
how
to
use
the
dogs
effectively
.
Scott
____________________
that
,
although
dog
sledges
could
be
useful
,
the
only
way
that
men
could
reach
the
South
Pole
was
on
foot
,
pulling
sledges
containing
food
and
tents
behind
them
.
The
British
government
then
____________________
that
Scott
?
s
expedition
in
Antarctica
was
costing
them
too
much
money
,
so
two
ships
were
____________________
out
in
1903
to
bring
the
explorers
back
to
Britain
.
Scott
____________________
home
a
popular
hero
.
He
was
____________________
to
the
rank
of
captain
,
and
was
____________________
to
visit
the
King
.
He
quickly
____________________
to
make
a
second
expedition
to
Antarctica
,
and
that
this
time
he
would
reach
the
Pole
.
It
____________________
a
long
time
,
however
,
to
find
the
money
for
the
expedition
,
and
a
suitable
ship
,
and
to
recruit
the
right
people
to
go
with
him
.
Scott
?
s
second
Antarctic
expedition
____________________
out
in
1910
.
Things
did
not
go
well
.
On
the
way
to
Antarctica
,
Scott
____________________
news
that
the
Norwegian
explorer
Roald
Amundsen
was
also
on
his
way
to
the
South
Pole
.
Scott
?
s
ship
,
the
Terra
Nova
,
became
____________________
in
the
ice
for
3
weeks
before
it
could
reach
land
.
He
had
brought
ponies
and
motorised
sledges
with
him
to
transport
men
and
supplies
,
and
a
few
dogs
.
One
of
the
motorised
sledges
fell
into
the
sea
,
as
did
several
of
the
ponies
.
The
ponies
____________________
to
be
not
very
useful
.
Some
of
them
____________________
,
and
others
had
to
be
shot
.
Scott
was
now
convinced
that
he
was
right
?
the
only
way
to
travel
to
the
South
Pole
was
to
walk
.
In
November
1911
,
the
journey
south
____________________
.
Over
two
months
later
,
on
17
January
1912
,
Scott
and
four
others
at
last
____________________
the
South
Pole
.
They
____________________
a
tent
,
and
a
Norwegian
flag
.
Amundsen
had
____________________
them
.
He
had
____________________
the
Pole
5
weeks
earlier
.
Scott
?
s
party
were
heartbroken
as
they
____________________
to
go
back
to
their
base
,
1300
kilometres
away
.
The
weather
____________________
worse
and
worse
,
and
their
supplies
of
food
____________________
low
.
Cold
and
hunger
____________________
their
strength
.
Two
members
of
the
party
died
on
the
journey
.
The
remaining
three
men
set
up
camp
only
18
km
from
a
depot
where
the
expedition
had
left
food
and
other
supplies
for
them
.
They
got
no
further
,
and
all
three
died
of
cold
on
about
29
March
.
Why
did
Amundsen
win
the
race
to
the
Pole
?
The
main
reason
was
that
he
had
previously
led
an
expedition
to
find
a
sea
route
through
the
North
-
West
Passage
,
the
frozen
sea
to
the
north
of
Canada
.
He
had
____________________
from
the
Inuit
people
of
northern
Canada
that
clothes
made
of
animal
skins
were
the
only
way
to
____________________
warm
in
very
cold
climates
.
He
also
learned
how
to
use
dogs
to
pull
sledges
,
and
the
whole
of
his
journey
to
the
South
Pole
was
____________________
with
dogs
.
Scott
had
been
wrong
to
think
that
the
only
way
was
to
walk
.
Nonetheless
,
Robert
Scott
____________________
a
very
popular
national
hero
in
Britain
for
many
decades
.
Nowadays
,
experts
are
more
critical
of
Scott
?
s
failings
,
and
about
some
of
the
decisions
he
took
.
But
his
courage
,
and
the
courage
of
his
fellow
explorers
,
is
beyond
doubt
.
We
love
brave
,
fearless
heroes
in
England
,
particularly
heroes
who
fail
.
Our
national
football
team
,
and
our
tennis
players
,
are
just
like
Scott
?
brave
,
the
best
in
the
world
,
except
that
they
don
?
t
win
.
