Procedural safeguards
Individualized education program (IEP)
Due process
Least restrictive environment (LRE)
Assistive technology
Free and appropriate public education (FAPE)
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1972)
Extended school year (ESY)
Nondiscriminatory evaluation
Individualized family service plan (IFSP)
Zero Reject
Special education
Brown v. Board of Education 1954
Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA)
Requires schools to provide students with disabilities special education and related services, at public expense, designed to prepare those students for the future.
A child may not be excluded because a school district feels they are too disabled to learn, has inappropriate behavior caused by their disability, or has a contagious disease unless there is a high risk that the student will infect other students.
A written statement for each child with a disability that is developed, reviewed, and revised in an annual meeting. Includes present level of education, goals, progress, services, LRE, and more.
A requirement under IDEA that sets forth a regulatory basis for a formal set of policies and procedures to be implemented by schools and districts for children in special education programs.
Individually planned, specialized, intensive, goal-directed instruction.
Any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of a student with a disability.
A piece of American legislation that ensures students with a disability are provided with Free Appropriate Public Education that is tailored to their individual needs.
For documented regression concerns, this service is designed to support a student with a disability as documented under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act to maintain the academic, social/behavioral, communication, or other skills.
Even though this case was brought about for racial injustice, its decision made headway for students with special needs and stated, "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal", and therefore violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution
A plan to obtain special education services for young children within U.S. public schools. It is provided by law to families of eligible children from birth to 3 years old.
Legal rights and protections for students/families during the evaluation and IEP process.
Students should be educated in the least restrictive environment where the student's strengths, weaknesses, and needs are considered in alignment with educational benefits from placement in any particular educational setting.
In this class-action lawsuit, the court held that children with disabilities were being denied access to an education and that this denial did constitute a violation of the 14th amendment.
An assessment that does not discriminate based on race, language, or culture. All tests must be given in the child's primary language. Special education decisions must consider many sources of information, and they should not be based from a single test score.
