Common Cases across languages

Nominative case is used in languages with nominative - ____________________ systems . It expresses the ____________________ or experiencer of a ____________________ or intransitive sentence . It is usually the ____________________ of the sentence .

____________________ case is is used in languages with nominative - accusative systems . It used for the ____________________ or theme of the sentence . It is most often assigned to the ____________________ object of a ____________________ verb . Accusative case can also be used with the object of a ____________________ that indicates ____________________ .

Genitive case shows ____________________ or ownership . It is assigned to the ____________________ that ____________________ the thing being possessed , e . g . , in the phrase " the dog's toy , " the ____________________ is the owner .

Dative case is used for a ____________________ thematic role or the object of a ____________________ . When it indicates a recipient , it is assigned to the ____________________ object . When it is used for the ____________________ of a preposition , it is generally used for ____________________ or non - moving objects .

Instrumental case is assigned to a noun to indicate that the noun is the ____________________ by which an ____________________ is accomplished . In English , this function is usually marked ____________________ the prepositions 'with' or ____________________ .

Ergative case is used in languages with ergative - ____________________ systems . Ergative case marks the ____________________ of ____________________ verbs .

Absolutive case is used in languages with ____________________ - absolutive systems . It is used for objects of ____________________ verbs and ____________________ of intransitive verbs .