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Parameter

Sample

Population

Systematic Sampling

Survey Study

Primary Data

Stratified Sampling

Cluster Sampling

Observational Study

Statistic

Experimental Study

Secondary Data

Bias

a study where researchers survey a group or groups from a population to estimate the characteristics of the whole population

a measure or value of the sample

a group within the population

a method involving selecting participants at a regular interval

the entire group a researcher is interested in

when data is collected in a way that does not represent the population

data that is collected directly by someone other than the researcher

a measure or value of the entire population

a method involving dividing potential participants with similarities into groups. Then participants are selected randomly from these groups

a method involving dividing participants into groups. Then some of the groups are selected to participate in the study

data that is collected directly by the researcher

a study where researchers try to understand a cause and an effect relationship

a study where researchers observe the effect of a specific factor on a group or groups of a population