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Occitan

Moved the royal residence from Paris to Versailles

Lengthy series of conflicts between England and France that, coupled with the effects of the Black Death, decimated the French population

Powerful queen of France who provided patronage to the arts and the alleged seer Nostradamus

Provided theoretical basis for absolutist states in his writings, along with a theological basis for demonic witchcraft

The first major French explorer of the New World sent by Francis I in 1534

provided the basic framework for rural economic and social organization throughout the Sun King's reign

guildspeople

Apart from domestic work, a major opportunity for education and leadership that was available to women

most important aspect of French agriculture

Influential group of French social historians

Important historian on early modern French society and culture

Last king of L'Ancien Régime

House of Valois

French Protestants inspired by writings of Jean Calvin who faced periods of religious persecution

The old political system that lasted from the late 15th century until the Revolution

seigneuries

group that held growing political and economic power in villages and towns apart from the agricultural economy

grain

The royal dynasty that succeeded the Capetians and preceded the Bourbons

Annales School

Ancien Régime

Île-de-France region

Louis XVI

region annexed by France in the 17th century

convents

Jacques Cartier

Natalie Zemon Davis

Hundred Years' War

Jean Bodin

Louis XIV

Fundamental document of the French Revolution

Huguenots

Catherine de' Medici

Group of languages spoken in the southern regions of France