Delay in oesophageal emptying, altered oesophageal sphincter function
Decreased BMR
Decreased size and blood flow to liver
Atrophy of salivary glands
Decreased GI muscle tone
Decreased calcium absorption
Decreased ability to swallow Decreased gastric acid secretions
Altered bone formation
Dry membranes prone to injury Decreased thirst sensation
Altered motility Predisposed to constipation
Delay in vitamin and drug absorption Predisposed to indigestion, aspiration
Decreased liver storage capacity Increased vulnerability to toxins Adverse drug reactions
Altered energy utilisation
Change in nutritional intake
