Loss of number of, and function of, nephrons
Decreased kidney efficiency
Reduced bladder tone, capacity
Decreased intracellular body water
Decreased glomerular filtration rate
Increased residual urine, nocturnal urination Increased risk of incontinence
Decreased secretion of sodium, H2O, urea, ammonia, and drugs
Decreased ability to concentrate and conserve H2O
Predisposed to dehydration, hypernatraemia, fluid overload, medication reactions
