THE
IMPORTANCE
OF
ORGANIZATIONAL
CULTURE
As
people
work
together
to
____________________
goals
,
groups
develop
into
organizations
.
As
goals
become
more
specific
and
longer
-
term
,
and
work
more
specialized
,
organizations
become
both
more
____________________
and
institutionalized
.
Organizations
tend
to
take
____________________
a
life
of
their
own
and
widely
held
beliefs
,
values
,
and
practices
develop
,
differentiating
one
organization
from
another
and
often
affecting
the
organization's
success
or
____________________
.
As
one
commentator
has
noted
,
?
Most
organizational
scholars
and
observers
now
recognize
that
organizational
culture
has
a
powerful
effect
on
the
performance
and
long
-
term
effectiveness
of
organizations
.
?
The
importance
of
organizational
culture
is
a
relatively
new
____________________
.
While
organizational
psychologists
began
developing
theories
of
organizational
____________________
during
the
1950s
and
1960s
,
it
wasn't
until
the
1980s
that
the
culture
of
the
organization
was
____________________
as
a
key
determinant
of
behavior
and
effectiveness
.
The
interest
in
organizational
cultures
was
largely
____________________
by
William
Ouchi's
1981
best
-
seller
,
Theory
Z
:
How
American
Business
Can
Meet
the
Japanese
Challenge
.
Ouchi
considered
organizational
culture
to
be
a
____________________
factor
in
creating
an
effective
organization
.
In
1982
two
other
best
-
sellers
,
Terrance
Deal
and
Allan
Kennedy's
Corporate
Cultures
:
The
Rites
and
Rituals
of
Corporate
Life
and
Thomas
Peters
and
Robert
Waterman's
In
Search
of
Excellence
,
supported
the
idea
that
excellent
companies
____________________
to
have
strong
cultures
.
Throughout
the
1980s
,
management
scholars
began
attempting
to
describe
these
belief
systems
,
which
they
____________________
to
as
organizational
or
corporate
cultures
.
Interest
in
organizational
culture
has
____________________
strong
in
subsequent
decades
as
managers
and
executives
continue
to
recognize
the
____________________
an
organization's
culture
can
have
on
such
key
factors
as
morale
,
productivity
,
and
profit
.
