directly above the brain stem
no ducts and secrete their chemicals directly into the bloodstream
secrete hormones
female - ovaries
adrenal cortex - corticoids
controls and influences all of the other glands
insulin and glucagon
animals - influences seasonal behaviors
controls the level of blood sugar in the body
male - testes
diabetes and hypoglycemia
secretes melatonin
controls things associated with pregnancy and levels of water in the body
regulates growth and metabolism
crucial to body and brain development
secretes thyroxin
located below the hypothalamus
releases hormones to control stress reactions (physical and psychological)
effect may take place hours, weeks, or years later
humans - regulates sleep-wake cycle
inside the neck
adrenal medulla - epinephrine and norepinephrine
on top of each kidney
secrete hormones that regulate sexual behavior and reproduction
