The
____________________
material
in
the
nucleus
of
a
cell
is
composed
of
a
chemical
called
____________________
.
DNA
is
a
____________________
made
up
of
two
strands
forming
a
____________________
helix
.
The
DNA
is
contained
in
structures
called
____________________
.
A
____________________
is
a
small
section
of
DNA
on
a
chromosome
.
Each
gene
codes
for
a
particular
sequence
of
____________________
acids
,
to
make
a
specific
____________________
.
The
____________________
of
an
organism
is
the
entire
genetic
material
of
that
organism
.
The
whole
human
genome
has
now
been
studied
and
this
will
have
great
importance
for
medicine
in
the
future
.
The
importance
of
understanding
the
human
genome
.
For
example
:
search
for
genes
linked
to
different
types
of
____________________
,
understanding
and
____________________
of
inherited
disorders
,
use
in
tracing
human
migration
patterns
from
the
past
.
Students
should
be
able
to
describe
DNA
as
a
polymer
made
from
____________________
different
nucleotides
.
Each
nucleotide
consists
of
a
common
____________________
and
phosphate
group
with
one
of
four
different
____________________
attached
to
the
sugar
.
DNA
contains
four
bases
,
A
,
____________________
,
G
and
T
.
A
sequence
of
____________________
bases
is
the
code
for
a
particular
____________________
acid
.
The
order
of
____________________
controls
the
order
in
which
amino
acids
are
assembled
to
produce
a
particular
protein
.
The
long
strands
of
DNA
consist
of
alternating
sugar
and
phosphate
sections
.
Attached
to
each
sugar
is
one
of
the
four
bases
.
The
DNA
polymer
is
made
up
of
repeating
____________________
units
.
In
the
complementary
strands
a
C
is
always
linked
to
a
____________________
on
the
opposite
strand
and
a
T
to
an
A
.
Proteins
are
synthesised
on
____________________
,
according
to
a
template
.
Carrier
molecules
bring
specific
amino
acids
to
add
to
the
growing
protein
chain
in
the
correct
____________________
.
When
the
protein
chain
is
complete
it
folds
up
to
form
a
unique
____________________
.
This
unique
shape
enables
the
proteins
to
do
their
job
as
____________________
,
hormones
or
forming
structures
in
the
body
such
as
collagen
.
Mutations
occur
continuously
.
Most
do
not
alter
the
protein
,
or
only
alter
it
slightly
so
that
its
appearance
or
function
is
not
changed
.
A
few
mutations
code
for
an
altered
____________________
with
a
different
shape
.
An
enzyme
may
no
longer
____________________
the
substrate
binding
site
or
a
structural
protein
may
lose
its
strength
.
Not
all
parts
of
DNA
code
for
proteins
.
Non
-
coding
parts
of
DNA
can
____________________
genes
on
and
off
,
so
variations
in
these
areas
of
DNA
may
affect
how
genes
are
expressed
.
