Print Matching Pairs: Link the psychologist to the study( WJEC therapies) ()

animals and humans are GENETICALLY PROGRAMMED to learn association between potentially threatening stimuli and fear. Links to evolutionary past. ADAPTIVE. Individuals are fearful of ANCIENT FEARS such as snakes and heights. SD would not be appropriate for these fears are they are useful for survival

apse rate for CBT lower than drugs. Relapse for drugs – 50% within 2 years, but CBT longer benefits( easy to recall 50% as this was the result above)

reviewed 17 studies of the use of SSRI’s with OCD( has a component of depression) patients found them to be effective than placebos in reducing the symptoms of OCD up to 3 months after treatment i..e SHORT TERM EFFECTS.

a very high level of drop out with IN VIVO SD, due to levels of stress involved in the therapy. This has important implications. Discontinuation of treatment half way through could cause more harm, therefore there are ETHICAL ISSUES where the fear has been reinforced

demonstrated the SD was 75% effective in reducing specific phobias.

followed 250 patients over 8 weeks and found BZs to be superior to placebos.

Studied the effects of SD on flying phobias. Participants took part in 12-25 weeks of SD . They found that both in vivo and in vitro were effective in reducing the symptoms

15% of the variance in outcomes of CBT can be attributable to therapist competence.

carried out a meta- analysis of studies using SD in VITRO and in VIVO- , differ in effectiveness depending on what they were applied to e.g. flyIng was successful , but less for animal and social fears when using virtual reality ( in vivo)