Matching Pairs Activity 5.5.4 Situation CardOnline version Match specific anatomical, physiological, and behavioral characteristics to the most appropriate practice. by Laura Kackley 1 Animals belonging to the swine species do not have sweat glands, and therefore cannot perspire. Perspiration helps to regulate body temperature. 2 In cattle, rumen contractions and pressure decline during the last few weeks of pregnancy. During the hours after a daily feeding, this pressure increases. Birth of calves most often occurs during the daily period of lowest rumen contraction and pressure. 3 Animals belonging to the dog species, are social pack animals. Pack animals follow a rigid social structure for direction, protection, mediation, and communication. The pack leader provides feed, water, and shelter for other dogs in the pack. 4 Many herbivores have eyes set wide apart on their face, and use each eye independently. This is called monocular vision. Some animals, such as cattle, sheep, and goats, can view over 300 degrees around them without moving. However, monocular vision limits depth perception and focus. 5 In many meat animal species, males and females differ in growth and feed efficiency rates. Among animals in the swine species, females tend to grow more quickly than the males and use less feed to produce lean muscle. 6 Hindgut fermenters, such as horses and rabbits, have a well-developed cecum in their digestive tract, where microbial fermentation of plant materials takes place. 7 Animals in the rabbit species are adapted to cold weather due to the thick fur, arranged in multiple layers called guide hairs, guard hairs, and down. 8 There is a direct link between daily lysine intake and the development of certain muscles in chickens. Chickens seem to be unable to synthesize adequate amounts of these amino acids. 9 Male animals of most species tend to display aggressive tendencies caused by instinctive behavior and exacerbated by hormone production. Aggression often results in damage to facilities, danger for handlers, and injury to other animals. 10 Animals belonging to the horse species have a well-developed cecum, called a “hindgut,” which causes more frequent cases of abdominal pain, or colic, due to twisted and blocked passageways in the digestive tract. Segregated feeding is a management practice employed by producers, where animals of the same species are sorted into different pens to maximize growth and meat quality Castration is a management practice commonly used for market and companion animals that involves the removal of organs that produce testosterone. To provide better care, producers prefer that animal offspring are born during daytime hours. This allows producers to assist with difficult births and processing offspring, as well as improving the chances of warmer environmental temperatures for the first day life. Feeding animals nearing parturition during evening hours results in a higher frequency of daytime births. Owners that care for and provide leadership for their animals will help animals feel balanced and secure, which promotes better behavior. Producers provide concentrated feed in smaller portions multiple times during the day, or free access to roughage all day. These practices prevent feed from forming blockages within the digestive tract. Producers supplement limiting amino in daily diets for animals unable to synthesize adequate amounts of certain amino acids. Producers provide additional ventilation during hot periods of weather. Misting equipment are often also installed to apply small water droplets to animal skin for evaporative cooling. Producers manage the amount of light and distractions in a handling area. Solid walls and curved chutes reduce stress caused by fright and fear. Producers provide shelters insulated against the wind and that block precipitation during cold weather, but allow the animals exposure to cold temperatures. Young animals do not tolerate the cold as well, and require more insulation. Owners provide large quantities of roughage feeds, such as grass and alfalfa hay, throughout the year to increase digestive efficiency
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