AIR
SUNLIGHT
WATER
SOIL
is a mixture of gases essential for the survival of living beings. In marine chimneys these gases are dissolved in the water.
is the surface layer of the planet. The one that forms the marine chimney is porous and rich in minerals.
is the main source of energy for an ecosystem. In marine chimneys there is almost no light, so autotrophic living beings do not carry out photosynthesis to manufacture their food, but a similar process called chemosynthesis
is a fundamental liquid for life. The one that comes out of the marine chimney has a temperature of 400 ° C, but the one that is around stays at 2 ° C. This allows living things that are adapted to boiling water to be unaffected and those that are not adapted to survive.