when the irritant is removed, the cells return to normal
deranged cell growth due to chronic irritation or inflammation
reversible change with one adult cell type replaced by another
example: regeneration of the liver after partial removal
results from increased workload
is a precursor to cancer, but does not always lead to cancer
increase in number of cells in an organ or tissue
smaller size cell
example: ventricular enlargement due to hypertension
only occurs in cells that are capable of mitosis
usually occurs in response to chronic irritation or inflammation
example: smokers airways change to stratified squamous rather than ciliated columnar
decrease in workload
this adapatation is marked by degrees and occurs most frequently in the uterus or respiratory tract
seem mostly in cardiac and skeletal muscle
example: uterine enlargement during pregnancy
increase in cells size and usually tissue mass
example: arm shrinks when in cast
