1
A militia raid led by Colonel Chivington on an Indian camp in Colorado, flying both the American flag and the white flag of surrender; over one hundred men, women, and children were killed.
2
The phrase, coined by journalist John O’Sullivan, which came to stand for the idea that white Americans had a calling and a duty to seize and settle the American West with Protestant democratic values.
3
The rally and subsequent riot in which several policemen were killed when a bomb was thrown at a peaceful workers rights rally in Chicago in 1866.
4
The twelve-year period after the Civil War in which the rebel Southern states were integrated back into the Union.
5
A secret organization of coal miners that, through a series of scare tactics that included kidnappings, beatings, and even murder, sought to bring attention to the miners’ plight
6
A term of abuse applied to northerners accused of having come to the South to acquire wealth through political power at the expense of southerners.
7
A negative term for the early millionaire railroad owners who many people believed exploited workers and bent laws to succeed.
8
Laws some southern states designed to maintain white supremacy by keeping freed people impoverished and in debt. They were designed to maintain the social and economic structure of racial slavery in the absence of slavery itself.
9
Southern whites who supported Reconstruction.
10
A term used to describe African Americans who moved to Kansas from the Old South toescape the racism there.
11
Sole ownership of all enterprises composing an entire industry.
12
A frontier home constructed of dirt held together by thick-rooted prairie grass that was prevalent in the Midwest
