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When the Supreme Court justices kept changing their mind about patriotism even though we were in the middle of a war.

The Flag Salute Cases

Engel v Vitale (1962)

Supreme Court overwhelmingly (6-1) ruled that a New York nondenominational school prayer is an unconstitutional establishment of religion.

Cantwell Connecticut (1940)

1878

Everson v Board of Education (1947)

1971

the Supreme Court “incorporated” the establishment clause in this case.

Reynolds v United States (?)

Lemon v Kurtzman (?)

Supreme Court “incorporated” the Free Exercise clause in this case.