Matching Pairs Social Work Research Online version Group Design 1 by Jennifer Colin 1 Instrumentation error 2 Knowledge level continuum 3 Mortality 4 Testing effects 5 Cross-sectional survey design 6 Trend study 7 History 8 Independent variable 9 Control group 10 Comparison group 11 Classical experimental design 12 Cohort study A nonexperimental group to which research participants have not been randomly assigned for purposes of comparison with the experimental group; not to be confused with control group A threat to internal validity that refers to the loss of research participants through normal attrition over time in research designs that required pretests and posttests Experimental group (O1) (X) (O2) Control group (O1) (O2) The range of knowledge levels, from exploratory to descriptive to explanatory, at which all research questions can be answered A threat to internal validity that refers to events not accounted for in the research designs that may alter the second and subsequent measurements of the dependent variable This kind of research design takes place when research participants have a certain condition and/or receive a particular treatment and are sampled over time O A threat to internal validity that refers to the principle that take pretests will affect posttest scores A group of randomly assigned research participants in a study who do not receive the experimental treatment and are used for comparison purposes; not to be confused with comparison group A threat to internal validity that refers to the weaknesses of a measuring instrument itself, such as invalidity, unreliability, improper administration, or mechanical breakdown A variable that is not dependent on another variable but is believed to cause or determine changes in the dependent variable This kind of research design takes different samples of people who share a similar characteristic at different points in time
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