1
1925, Gitlow v. New York, Court ruled 14th Amendment required states to protect freedom of speech, starting the ___ doctrine.
2
Equal Protection means government cannot draw ___ distinctions among different groups
3
___ Due Process means laws must be fair, or cannot interfere with a fundamental rights.
4
14th Amendment differs from other Amendments in that it guarantees due process of law from and equal protection from state ___ .
5
Rational Basis is used when the people being discriminated against do not have a history of being ___ by the government
6
Equal ___ means that laws must apply equally to all people, in similar situations.
7
Procedural Due Process means the government must follow ___ if it is going to deprive someone of life, liberty, or property.
8
___ Due Process is seen in criminal law, where suspects have the right to an attorney, trial by jury, & cross examine their accusers.
9
1937, Palko v. Connecticut, Court began ___ incorporation, deciding on case-by-case basis which rights applied to the states
10
Government can create laws that affect a fundamental right, but they must demonstrate a strong ___ .
11
1868, for first time, 14th Amendment established that all races born in the U.S. were ___ .
12
1954, Brown v. Board of Education, Court justices ruled that segregated schools did ___ the 14th Amendment.
13
1833, Barron v. Baltimore, Supreme Court affirmed that Bill of Rights applied only to ___ government .
14
Before Civil War, Bill of Rights was limited to the ___ government, and not the state governments.
15
1896, ___ v. Ferguson ruled that separate but equal facilities did not violate the 14th Amendment.
16
Today, only 3 rights have not been incorporated by ___ : right to a grand jury, unanimity in criminal jury, & civil jury trial.
17
1924, ___ Citizenship Act granted citizenship to all Native Americans born in U.S.
18
Laws that discriminate based on race, national origin, or citizenship are judged using ___ Scrutiny.
19
Amendment to national Constitution did not stop ___ governments from mistreating African Americans
20
Some fundamental ___ are stated in the Constitution and others are not listed but are rooted in American society.
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