Fill in the Blanks CementOnline version Cement by Alfonso Jesús Barrera Cendán 1 gypsum kilns clinker gypsum mills 1500ºC Introduction to the Manufacturing of the Cement Throughout history , cementing materials have played a vital role . They were used widely in the ancient world . The Egyptians used calcined as a cement . The Greeks and Romans used lime made by heating limestone and added sand to make mortar , with coarser stones for concrete . In 1845 , it was made the first modern Cement by firing a mixture of chalk and clay at much higher temperatures , similar to those used today . At these temperatures ( ) , clinkering occurs and minerals form which are very reactive and more strongly cementitious . While it was used the same materials to make cement as we use now , three important developments in the manufacturing process lead to modern cement : - Development of rotary - Addition of to control setting - Use of ball to grind and raw materials The two other principal technical developments , gypsum addition to control setting and the use of ball mills to grind the clinker , were also introduced at around the end of the 19th century .
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