Matching Pairs Unit 2 Part 2: Axial SkeletonOnline version Information on the axial portion of the skeleton and its features by Abigail Scott 1 Thoracic (Rib) Cage 2 Associated Bones of the Skull 3 Axial Skeleton 4 Vertebral Column 5 Skull Sternum & 24 Ribs Composed of the Skull, Associated Bones of the Skull, Vertebral Column, Thoracic (Rib) Cage 7 Cervical Vertebrae, 12 Thoracic Vertebrae, 5 Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, Coccyx 8 Cranial Bones & 14 Facial Bones 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone 1 Palatine Suture 2 Squamous Suture 3 Nasal Cavity 4 Lambdoid Suture 5 Orbital Cavities 6 Types of Sutures 7 Cavities 8 Sagittal Suture 9 Coronal Suture 10 Sutures 11 Cranial Cavity 12 Oral Cavity 13 Skull Contains 8 Cranial Bones, 14 Facial Bones, & Associated Bones: 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone Joint between parietal and temporal bones Joints between the bones of the skull Contains the nose; Created by the nasal, ethmoid, vomer, palatine, inferior nasal concha, & maxilla bones Contains the brain; Created by frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, & sphenoid bones Joint between palatine bones A hollow space made by multiple bones; Cranial, Orbital, Nasal, & Oral Contains the eyes; Created by the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, & palatine bones Contains the mouth; Created by the maxilla, palatine, & mandible bones Joint between frontal and parietal bones Joint between 2 parietal bones Coronal, Sagittal, Squamous, Lambdoid, Palatine, Joint between parietal and occipital bones 1 Mandible 2 Sphenoid 3 Lacrimal 4 Anatomic Divisions of the Skull 5 Palatine 6 Occipital 7 Face 8 Parietal 9 Maxilla 10 Inferior Nasal Conchae 11 Zygomatic 12 Nasal 13 Neurocranium 14 Vomer 15 Frontal 16 Ethmoid 17 Temporal Frontal (1), Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Occipital (1), Sphenoid (1), & Ethmoid (1) Nasal (2), Lacrimal (2), Zygomatic (2), Maxilla (2), Mandible (1), Vomer (1), Palatine (2), Inferior Nasal Conchae (2) Lower jaw Paired; Cheekbones (lateral orbit) Neurocranium and Face Paired; Upper jaw; Roof of oral cavity, floor and lateral walls of nasal cavity, and medial orbit Back of head and bottom of the skull (posterior/inferior cranium) Paired; Posterior roof of oral cavity (hard palate), small part of lateral nasal cavity, and medial wall of orbit Paired; Medial wall of the orbit Forehead (anterior cranial cavity), eyebrows (roof of the orbit) Part of temple (lateral), part of base (inferior), back of eye Paired; Inferior-lateral walls of nasal cavity Paired; Temple & ear (lateral), also base (inferior) Roof of nasal cavity Medial wall of orbit, roof and superior-lateral walls of nasal cavity, and superior nasal septum Paired; top and sides (lateral) of head (lateral/superior cranial cavity) Inferior nasal septum 1 Bones of the Ear Ossicles 2 Incus 3 Ear Ossicles 4 Stapes 5 Hyoid 6 Associated Bones of the Skull 7 Malleus Stirrup Hammer Located within the temporal bone, amplify sound Ear Ossicles & Hyoid Malleus, Incus, Stapes Anvil slender, curved bone in the throat, does NOT articulate with any other bone – held in place by muscles & ligaments; Assists with swallowing 1 Coccyx 2 Special Features of the Lumbar Vertebrae 3 Lordosis 4 Anatomic Divisions of the Vertebral Column 5 Cervical Vertebrae 6 Sacrum 7 Parts of the Sacrum 8 Special Features of Cervical Vertebrae 9 Special Features of the Thoracic Vertebrae 10 Kyphosis 11 Thoracic Vertebrae 12 Lumbar Vertebrae Vertebrae of the thorax; Attached to the ribs Vertebrae of the lower back Heart-shaped bodies Costal facets Long spinous processes Very thick bodies Lock together with inwardly facing superior & inferior processes for max support Thick process for attachment of back muscles Cervical Vertebrae (7), Thoracic Vertebrae (12), Lumbar Vertebrae (5), Sacrum, Coccyx Vertebrae of the Neck Posterior pelvis Superior articular processes Auricular surfaces Sacral canal Sacral crest Sacral foramina Tailbone Small bodies Transverse foramina C2-C6 bifid spinous process C1 and C2 special! Leans poteriorly; Sacrum & Thoracic Vertebrae Leans anteriorly; Cervical and Lumbar Vertebrae 1 Manubrium 2 Ribs 3 Sternum 4 Xyphoid Process 5 Components of the Rib Cage 6 Sternum Components 7 False Ribs 8 Sternocostal Joints 9 Floating Ribs 10 Costochondral Joints 11 Function of the Rib Cage 12 True Ribs 13 Body Between the costal cartilage and bone of the true (1-7) and false ribs (8-10) Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondroses) Breastbone Bottom tab on the sternum 7; #'s 1-7; Each rib has its own costal cartilage 2; #'s 11 & 12; Have NO costal cartilage 12 on each side; 3 types: true, false, & floating 3; #'s 8-10; Connect to #7's costal cartilage Sternum, Ribs, Costal Cartilage protects enclosed organs, anchors many muscles Majority of the sternum; 6 costal notches that create joints with costal cartilage and ribs Between the sternum and costal cartilage of true ribs (1-7) Synovial joints Suprasternal/jugular notch - Attachment point for sternocleidomastoid Clavicular notches - Sternoclavicular joints Costal notch - Sternocostal joints Manubrium, Body, Xyphoid Process 1 Temporomandibular Joint 2 Intervertebral Joints 3 Axial Joints 4 Atlanto-occipital Joint 5 Vertebrocostal Joints 6 Sternocostal Joints 7 Atlanto-axial Joint T1-12 costal facets on vertebral body + head of rib T1-12 costal facets on transverse process + rib tubercle mandibular fossa + condylar process atlas + dens of axis manubrium and sternal body costal notches + costal cartilage (1-7) superior articular processes of atlas + occipital condyles Temporomandibular, Atlanto-occipital, Atlanto-axial, Intervertebral, Vertebrocostal, & Sternocostal Superior + inferior articular processes Adjacent vertebral bodies (intervertebral disks)
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