Matching Pairs Unit 2 Part 2: Axial SkeletonOnline version Information on the axial portion of the skeleton and its features by Abigail Scott 1 Skull 2 Associated Bones of the Skull 3 Thoracic (Rib) Cage 4 Axial Skeleton 5 Vertebral Column 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone Composed of the Skull, Associated Bones of the Skull, Vertebral Column, Thoracic (Rib) Cage Sternum & 24 Ribs 7 Cervical Vertebrae, 12 Thoracic Vertebrae, 5 Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, Coccyx 8 Cranial Bones & 14 Facial Bones 1 Palatine Suture 2 Sutures 3 Sagittal Suture 4 Cranial Cavity 5 Cavities 6 Types of Sutures 7 Oral Cavity 8 Squamous Suture 9 Lambdoid Suture 10 Nasal Cavity 11 Skull 12 Coronal Suture 13 Orbital Cavities Joint between frontal and parietal bones Joint between parietal and temporal bones Joint between palatine bones Contains the brain; Created by frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, & sphenoid bones Joint between 2 parietal bones Joint between parietal and occipital bones A hollow space made by multiple bones; Cranial, Orbital, Nasal, & Oral Coronal, Sagittal, Squamous, Lambdoid, Palatine, Joints between the bones of the skull Contains 8 Cranial Bones, 14 Facial Bones, & Associated Bones: 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone Contains the eyes; Created by the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, & palatine bones Contains the nose; Created by the nasal, ethmoid, vomer, palatine, inferior nasal concha, & maxilla bones Contains the mouth; Created by the maxilla, palatine, & mandible bones 1 Mandible 2 Sphenoid 3 Frontal 4 Zygomatic 5 Ethmoid 6 Temporal 7 Vomer 8 Inferior Nasal Conchae 9 Lacrimal 10 Occipital 11 Face 12 Maxilla 13 Nasal 14 Neurocranium 15 Parietal 16 Anatomic Divisions of the Skull 17 Palatine Frontal (1), Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Occipital (1), Sphenoid (1), & Ethmoid (1) Forehead (anterior cranial cavity), eyebrows (roof of the orbit) Nasal (2), Lacrimal (2), Zygomatic (2), Maxilla (2), Mandible (1), Vomer (1), Palatine (2), Inferior Nasal Conchae (2) Medial wall of orbit, roof and superior-lateral walls of nasal cavity, and superior nasal septum Back of head and bottom of the skull (posterior/inferior cranium) Paired; Inferior-lateral walls of nasal cavity Roof of nasal cavity Paired; Upper jaw; Roof of oral cavity, floor and lateral walls of nasal cavity, and medial orbit Paired; Cheekbones (lateral orbit) Paired; Temple & ear (lateral), also base (inferior) Paired; Medial wall of the orbit Part of temple (lateral), part of base (inferior), back of eye Lower jaw Paired; Posterior roof of oral cavity (hard palate), small part of lateral nasal cavity, and medial wall of orbit Paired; top and sides (lateral) of head (lateral/superior cranial cavity) Inferior nasal septum Neurocranium and Face 1 Ear Ossicles 2 Bones of the Ear Ossicles 3 Incus 4 Associated Bones of the Skull 5 Malleus 6 Hyoid 7 Stapes Ear Ossicles & Hyoid Stirrup Anvil Malleus, Incus, Stapes Located within the temporal bone, amplify sound Hammer slender, curved bone in the throat, does NOT articulate with any other bone – held in place by muscles & ligaments; Assists with swallowing 1 Cervical Vertebrae 2 Sacrum 3 Parts of the Sacrum 4 Special Features of the Thoracic Vertebrae 5 Special Features of the Lumbar Vertebrae 6 Lordosis 7 Lumbar Vertebrae 8 Thoracic Vertebrae 9 Kyphosis 10 Anatomic Divisions of the Vertebral Column 11 Special Features of Cervical Vertebrae 12 Coccyx Leans anteriorly; Cervical and Lumbar Vertebrae Small bodies Transverse foramina C2-C6 bifid spinous process C1 and C2 special! Vertebrae of the thorax; Attached to the ribs Superior articular processes Auricular surfaces Sacral canal Sacral crest Sacral foramina Cervical Vertebrae (7), Thoracic Vertebrae (12), Lumbar Vertebrae (5), Sacrum, Coccyx Tailbone Vertebrae of the Neck Heart-shaped bodies Costal facets Long spinous processes Leans poteriorly; Sacrum & Thoracic Vertebrae Vertebrae of the lower back Very thick bodies Lock together with inwardly facing superior & inferior processes for max support Thick process for attachment of back muscles Posterior pelvis 1 Components of the Rib Cage 2 Sternum Components 3 Sternocostal Joints 4 Xyphoid Process 5 Body 6 True Ribs 7 False Ribs 8 Costochondral Joints 9 Ribs 10 Function of the Rib Cage 11 Sternum 12 Manubrium 13 Floating Ribs Sternum, Ribs, Costal Cartilage Between the sternum and costal cartilage of true ribs (1-7) Synovial joints Breastbone Manubrium, Body, Xyphoid Process 12 on each side; 3 types: true, false, & floating Majority of the sternum; 6 costal notches that create joints with costal cartilage and ribs 7; #'s 1-7; Each rib has its own costal cartilage 2; #'s 11 & 12; Have NO costal cartilage Bottom tab on the sternum 3; #'s 8-10; Connect to #7's costal cartilage Between the costal cartilage and bone of the true (1-7) and false ribs (8-10) Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondroses) Suprasternal/jugular notch - Attachment point for sternocleidomastoid Clavicular notches - Sternoclavicular joints Costal notch - Sternocostal joints protects enclosed organs, anchors many muscles 1 Vertebrocostal Joints 2 Atlanto-occipital Joint 3 Sternocostal Joints 4 Temporomandibular Joint 5 Axial Joints 6 Intervertebral Joints 7 Atlanto-axial Joint Temporomandibular, Atlanto-occipital, Atlanto-axial, Intervertebral, Vertebrocostal, & Sternocostal Superior + inferior articular processes Adjacent vertebral bodies (intervertebral disks) manubrium and sternal body costal notches + costal cartilage (1-7) atlas + dens of axis superior articular processes of atlas + occipital condyles mandibular fossa + condylar process T1-12 costal facets on vertebral body + head of rib T1-12 costal facets on transverse process + rib tubercle
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