Matching Pairs Unit 2 Part 2: Axial SkeletonOnline version Information on the axial portion of the skeleton and its features by Abigail Scott 1 Thoracic (Rib) Cage 2 Axial Skeleton 3 Vertebral Column 4 Associated Bones of the Skull 5 Skull 7 Cervical Vertebrae, 12 Thoracic Vertebrae, 5 Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, Coccyx 8 Cranial Bones & 14 Facial Bones 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone Composed of the Skull, Associated Bones of the Skull, Vertebral Column, Thoracic (Rib) Cage Sternum & 24 Ribs 1 Cavities 2 Sagittal Suture 3 Nasal Cavity 4 Skull 5 Squamous Suture 6 Palatine Suture 7 Sutures 8 Coronal Suture 9 Orbital Cavities 10 Lambdoid Suture 11 Oral Cavity 12 Cranial Cavity 13 Types of Sutures Contains the brain; Created by frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, & sphenoid bones Joint between 2 parietal bones Coronal, Sagittal, Squamous, Lambdoid, Palatine, Joints between the bones of the skull Contains the nose; Created by the nasal, ethmoid, vomer, palatine, inferior nasal concha, & maxilla bones Joint between parietal and temporal bones A hollow space made by multiple bones; Cranial, Orbital, Nasal, & Oral Joint between palatine bones Contains the mouth; Created by the maxilla, palatine, & mandible bones Joint between parietal and occipital bones Contains 8 Cranial Bones, 14 Facial Bones, & Associated Bones: 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone Contains the eyes; Created by the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, & palatine bones Joint between frontal and parietal bones 1 Sphenoid 2 Occipital 3 Inferior Nasal Conchae 4 Anatomic Divisions of the Skull 5 Face 6 Zygomatic 7 Mandible 8 Frontal 9 Ethmoid 10 Palatine 11 Temporal 12 Parietal 13 Maxilla 14 Vomer 15 Neurocranium 16 Nasal 17 Lacrimal Paired; Cheekbones (lateral orbit) Paired; Upper jaw; Roof of oral cavity, floor and lateral walls of nasal cavity, and medial orbit Nasal (2), Lacrimal (2), Zygomatic (2), Maxilla (2), Mandible (1), Vomer (1), Palatine (2), Inferior Nasal Conchae (2) Frontal (1), Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Occipital (1), Sphenoid (1), & Ethmoid (1) Paired; Medial wall of the orbit Medial wall of orbit, roof and superior-lateral walls of nasal cavity, and superior nasal septum Roof of nasal cavity Paired; Inferior-lateral walls of nasal cavity Part of temple (lateral), part of base (inferior), back of eye Back of head and bottom of the skull (posterior/inferior cranium) Lower jaw Inferior nasal septum Paired; Posterior roof of oral cavity (hard palate), small part of lateral nasal cavity, and medial wall of orbit Forehead (anterior cranial cavity), eyebrows (roof of the orbit) Paired; top and sides (lateral) of head (lateral/superior cranial cavity) Neurocranium and Face Paired; Temple & ear (lateral), also base (inferior) 1 Incus 2 Bones of the Ear Ossicles 3 Stapes 4 Hyoid 5 Ear Ossicles 6 Malleus 7 Associated Bones of the Skull slender, curved bone in the throat, does NOT articulate with any other bone – held in place by muscles & ligaments; Assists with swallowing Anvil Ear Ossicles & Hyoid Hammer Stirrup Malleus, Incus, Stapes Located within the temporal bone, amplify sound 1 Anatomic Divisions of the Vertebral Column 2 Special Features of the Thoracic Vertebrae 3 Cervical Vertebrae 4 Kyphosis 5 Lordosis 6 Parts of the Sacrum 7 Coccyx 8 Special Features of Cervical Vertebrae 9 Thoracic Vertebrae 10 Sacrum 11 Special Features of the Lumbar Vertebrae 12 Lumbar Vertebrae Posterior pelvis Vertebrae of the Neck Cervical Vertebrae (7), Thoracic Vertebrae (12), Lumbar Vertebrae (5), Sacrum, Coccyx Heart-shaped bodies Costal facets Long spinous processes Superior articular processes Auricular surfaces Sacral canal Sacral crest Sacral foramina Tailbone Vertebrae of the lower back Leans anteriorly; Cervical and Lumbar Vertebrae Leans poteriorly; Sacrum & Thoracic Vertebrae Very thick bodies Lock together with inwardly facing superior & inferior processes for max support Thick process for attachment of back muscles Small bodies Transverse foramina C2-C6 bifid spinous process C1 and C2 special! Vertebrae of the thorax; Attached to the ribs 1 Costochondral Joints 2 False Ribs 3 Body 4 Floating Ribs 5 Ribs 6 Xyphoid Process 7 Function of the Rib Cage 8 Sternocostal Joints 9 Sternum Components 10 Components of the Rib Cage 11 Sternum 12 Manubrium 13 True Ribs 2; #'s 11 & 12; Have NO costal cartilage protects enclosed organs, anchors many muscles 7; #'s 1-7; Each rib has its own costal cartilage 3; #'s 8-10; Connect to #7's costal cartilage Bottom tab on the sternum Breastbone Sternum, Ribs, Costal Cartilage Between the sternum and costal cartilage of true ribs (1-7) Synovial joints Suprasternal/jugular notch - Attachment point for sternocleidomastoid Clavicular notches - Sternoclavicular joints Costal notch - Sternocostal joints Majority of the sternum; 6 costal notches that create joints with costal cartilage and ribs Manubrium, Body, Xyphoid Process 12 on each side; 3 types: true, false, & floating Between the costal cartilage and bone of the true (1-7) and false ribs (8-10) Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondroses) 1 Vertebrocostal Joints 2 Sternocostal Joints 3 Axial Joints 4 Atlanto-axial Joint 5 Atlanto-occipital Joint 6 Intervertebral Joints 7 Temporomandibular Joint Superior + inferior articular processes Adjacent vertebral bodies (intervertebral disks) manubrium and sternal body costal notches + costal cartilage (1-7) T1-12 costal facets on vertebral body + head of rib T1-12 costal facets on transverse process + rib tubercle Temporomandibular, Atlanto-occipital, Atlanto-axial, Intervertebral, Vertebrocostal, & Sternocostal atlas + dens of axis mandibular fossa + condylar process superior articular processes of atlas + occipital condyles
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