Matching Pairs Unit 2 Part 2: Axial SkeletonOnline version Information on the axial portion of the skeleton and its features by Abigail Scott 1 Vertebral Column 2 Thoracic (Rib) Cage 3 Skull 4 Axial Skeleton 5 Associated Bones of the Skull Sternum & 24 Ribs Composed of the Skull, Associated Bones of the Skull, Vertebral Column, Thoracic (Rib) Cage 7 Cervical Vertebrae, 12 Thoracic Vertebrae, 5 Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, Coccyx 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone 8 Cranial Bones & 14 Facial Bones 1 Types of Sutures 2 Cranial Cavity 3 Coronal Suture 4 Lambdoid Suture 5 Skull 6 Sagittal Suture 7 Nasal Cavity 8 Cavities 9 Squamous Suture 10 Palatine Suture 11 Orbital Cavities 12 Sutures 13 Oral Cavity Joint between parietal and temporal bones Joint between frontal and parietal bones Joint between parietal and occipital bones Contains 8 Cranial Bones, 14 Facial Bones, & Associated Bones: 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone Contains the nose; Created by the nasal, ethmoid, vomer, palatine, inferior nasal concha, & maxilla bones Contains the brain; Created by frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, & sphenoid bones Contains the mouth; Created by the maxilla, palatine, & mandible bones Contains the eyes; Created by the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, & palatine bones Coronal, Sagittal, Squamous, Lambdoid, Palatine, Joint between palatine bones Joint between 2 parietal bones Joints between the bones of the skull A hollow space made by multiple bones; Cranial, Orbital, Nasal, & Oral 1 Anatomic Divisions of the Skull 2 Lacrimal 3 Neurocranium 4 Frontal 5 Vomer 6 Inferior Nasal Conchae 7 Ethmoid 8 Zygomatic 9 Palatine 10 Parietal 11 Temporal 12 Mandible 13 Occipital 14 Face 15 Maxilla 16 Nasal 17 Sphenoid Neurocranium and Face Roof of nasal cavity Medial wall of orbit, roof and superior-lateral walls of nasal cavity, and superior nasal septum Nasal (2), Lacrimal (2), Zygomatic (2), Maxilla (2), Mandible (1), Vomer (1), Palatine (2), Inferior Nasal Conchae (2) Forehead (anterior cranial cavity), eyebrows (roof of the orbit) Lower jaw Paired; Cheekbones (lateral orbit) Paired; Upper jaw; Roof of oral cavity, floor and lateral walls of nasal cavity, and medial orbit Back of head and bottom of the skull (posterior/inferior cranium) Paired; Temple & ear (lateral), also base (inferior) Frontal (1), Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Occipital (1), Sphenoid (1), & Ethmoid (1) Paired; Medial wall of the orbit Paired; Inferior-lateral walls of nasal cavity Paired; Posterior roof of oral cavity (hard palate), small part of lateral nasal cavity, and medial wall of orbit Part of temple (lateral), part of base (inferior), back of eye Inferior nasal septum Paired; top and sides (lateral) of head (lateral/superior cranial cavity) 1 Bones of the Ear Ossicles 2 Malleus 3 Stapes 4 Ear Ossicles 5 Hyoid 6 Incus 7 Associated Bones of the Skull Anvil Stirrup Malleus, Incus, Stapes Ear Ossicles & Hyoid Located within the temporal bone, amplify sound slender, curved bone in the throat, does NOT articulate with any other bone – held in place by muscles & ligaments; Assists with swallowing Hammer 1 Lumbar Vertebrae 2 Cervical Vertebrae 3 Thoracic Vertebrae 4 Special Features of the Thoracic Vertebrae 5 Coccyx 6 Kyphosis 7 Lordosis 8 Parts of the Sacrum 9 Anatomic Divisions of the Vertebral Column 10 Special Features of Cervical Vertebrae 11 Special Features of the Lumbar Vertebrae 12 Sacrum Very thick bodies Lock together with inwardly facing superior & inferior processes for max support Thick process for attachment of back muscles Leans poteriorly; Sacrum & Thoracic Vertebrae Posterior pelvis Vertebrae of the Neck Superior articular processes Auricular surfaces Sacral canal Sacral crest Sacral foramina Vertebrae of the thorax; Attached to the ribs Cervical Vertebrae (7), Thoracic Vertebrae (12), Lumbar Vertebrae (5), Sacrum, Coccyx Heart-shaped bodies Costal facets Long spinous processes Small bodies Transverse foramina C2-C6 bifid spinous process C1 and C2 special! Leans anteriorly; Cervical and Lumbar Vertebrae Tailbone Vertebrae of the lower back 1 Body 2 Manubrium 3 Floating Ribs 4 Sternum Components 5 Components of the Rib Cage 6 Function of the Rib Cage 7 False Ribs 8 Costochondral Joints 9 Sternocostal Joints 10 Xyphoid Process 11 Ribs 12 True Ribs 13 Sternum Breastbone Suprasternal/jugular notch - Attachment point for sternocleidomastoid Clavicular notches - Sternoclavicular joints Costal notch - Sternocostal joints protects enclosed organs, anchors many muscles Sternum, Ribs, Costal Cartilage Between the costal cartilage and bone of the true (1-7) and false ribs (8-10) Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondroses) Manubrium, Body, Xyphoid Process Between the sternum and costal cartilage of true ribs (1-7) Synovial joints 7; #'s 1-7; Each rib has its own costal cartilage Bottom tab on the sternum 2; #'s 11 & 12; Have NO costal cartilage 3; #'s 8-10; Connect to #7's costal cartilage Majority of the sternum; 6 costal notches that create joints with costal cartilage and ribs 12 on each side; 3 types: true, false, & floating 1 Atlanto-axial Joint 2 Vertebrocostal Joints 3 Atlanto-occipital Joint 4 Sternocostal Joints 5 Intervertebral Joints 6 Axial Joints 7 Temporomandibular Joint atlas + dens of axis T1-12 costal facets on vertebral body + head of rib T1-12 costal facets on transverse process + rib tubercle mandibular fossa + condylar process superior articular processes of atlas + occipital condyles Superior + inferior articular processes Adjacent vertebral bodies (intervertebral disks) Temporomandibular, Atlanto-occipital, Atlanto-axial, Intervertebral, Vertebrocostal, & Sternocostal manubrium and sternal body costal notches + costal cartilage (1-7)
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