Matching Pairs Unit 2 Part 2: Axial SkeletonOnline version Information on the axial portion of the skeleton and its features by Abigail Scott 1 Associated Bones of the Skull 2 Skull 3 Vertebral Column 4 Axial Skeleton 5 Thoracic (Rib) Cage Sternum & 24 Ribs 8 Cranial Bones & 14 Facial Bones 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone Composed of the Skull, Associated Bones of the Skull, Vertebral Column, Thoracic (Rib) Cage 7 Cervical Vertebrae, 12 Thoracic Vertebrae, 5 Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, Coccyx 1 Cavities 2 Squamous Suture 3 Coronal Suture 4 Cranial Cavity 5 Orbital Cavities 6 Sutures 7 Lambdoid Suture 8 Palatine Suture 9 Skull 10 Types of Sutures 11 Oral Cavity 12 Sagittal Suture 13 Nasal Cavity Contains the eyes; Created by the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, & palatine bones Joint between parietal and occipital bones Joint between palatine bones Joint between frontal and parietal bones Contains 8 Cranial Bones, 14 Facial Bones, & Associated Bones: 6 Auditory Ossicles & Hyoid Bone A hollow space made by multiple bones; Cranial, Orbital, Nasal, & Oral Contains the nose; Created by the nasal, ethmoid, vomer, palatine, inferior nasal concha, & maxilla bones Coronal, Sagittal, Squamous, Lambdoid, Palatine, Contains the mouth; Created by the maxilla, palatine, & mandible bones Joints between the bones of the skull Contains the brain; Created by frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, & sphenoid bones Joint between parietal and temporal bones Joint between 2 parietal bones 1 Nasal 2 Inferior Nasal Conchae 3 Frontal 4 Sphenoid 5 Ethmoid 6 Palatine 7 Face 8 Lacrimal 9 Maxilla 10 Vomer 11 Anatomic Divisions of the Skull 12 Occipital 13 Zygomatic 14 Neurocranium 15 Temporal 16 Mandible 17 Parietal Back of head and bottom of the skull (posterior/inferior cranium) Paired; Medial wall of the orbit Paired; top and sides (lateral) of head (lateral/superior cranial cavity) Inferior nasal septum Paired; Cheekbones (lateral orbit) Nasal (2), Lacrimal (2), Zygomatic (2), Maxilla (2), Mandible (1), Vomer (1), Palatine (2), Inferior Nasal Conchae (2) Part of temple (lateral), part of base (inferior), back of eye Neurocranium and Face Paired; Inferior-lateral walls of nasal cavity Lower jaw Frontal (1), Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Occipital (1), Sphenoid (1), & Ethmoid (1) Paired; Temple & ear (lateral), also base (inferior) Forehead (anterior cranial cavity), eyebrows (roof of the orbit) Paired; Upper jaw; Roof of oral cavity, floor and lateral walls of nasal cavity, and medial orbit Paired; Posterior roof of oral cavity (hard palate), small part of lateral nasal cavity, and medial wall of orbit Roof of nasal cavity Medial wall of orbit, roof and superior-lateral walls of nasal cavity, and superior nasal septum 1 Hyoid 2 Associated Bones of the Skull 3 Ear Ossicles 4 Malleus 5 Bones of the Ear Ossicles 6 Stapes 7 Incus Stirrup Malleus, Incus, Stapes Hammer slender, curved bone in the throat, does NOT articulate with any other bone – held in place by muscles & ligaments; Assists with swallowing Anvil Located within the temporal bone, amplify sound Ear Ossicles & Hyoid 1 Anatomic Divisions of the Vertebral Column 2 Special Features of the Thoracic Vertebrae 3 Special Features of the Lumbar Vertebrae 4 Special Features of Cervical Vertebrae 5 Sacrum 6 Lordosis 7 Thoracic Vertebrae 8 Kyphosis 9 Parts of the Sacrum 10 Lumbar Vertebrae 11 Cervical Vertebrae 12 Coccyx Leans anteriorly; Cervical and Lumbar Vertebrae Cervical Vertebrae (7), Thoracic Vertebrae (12), Lumbar Vertebrae (5), Sacrum, Coccyx Vertebrae of the lower back Tailbone Small bodies Transverse foramina C2-C6 bifid spinous process C1 and C2 special! Heart-shaped bodies Costal facets Long spinous processes Superior articular processes Auricular surfaces Sacral canal Sacral crest Sacral foramina Posterior pelvis Vertebrae of the thorax; Attached to the ribs Leans poteriorly; Sacrum & Thoracic Vertebrae Vertebrae of the Neck Very thick bodies Lock together with inwardly facing superior & inferior processes for max support Thick process for attachment of back muscles 1 True Ribs 2 False Ribs 3 Xyphoid Process 4 Sternum Components 5 Costochondral Joints 6 Ribs 7 Sternum 8 Manubrium 9 Floating Ribs 10 Function of the Rib Cage 11 Body 12 Sternocostal Joints 13 Components of the Rib Cage Breastbone Majority of the sternum; 6 costal notches that create joints with costal cartilage and ribs 7; #'s 1-7; Each rib has its own costal cartilage Manubrium, Body, Xyphoid Process Sternum, Ribs, Costal Cartilage 12 on each side; 3 types: true, false, & floating protects enclosed organs, anchors many muscles Between the sternum and costal cartilage of true ribs (1-7) Synovial joints Bottom tab on the sternum 2; #'s 11 & 12; Have NO costal cartilage Suprasternal/jugular notch - Attachment point for sternocleidomastoid Clavicular notches - Sternoclavicular joints Costal notch - Sternocostal joints Between the costal cartilage and bone of the true (1-7) and false ribs (8-10) Cartilaginous Joints (Synchondroses) 3; #'s 8-10; Connect to #7's costal cartilage 1 Temporomandibular Joint 2 Atlanto-axial Joint 3 Vertebrocostal Joints 4 Sternocostal Joints 5 Axial Joints 6 Atlanto-occipital Joint 7 Intervertebral Joints manubrium and sternal body costal notches + costal cartilage (1-7) atlas + dens of axis Superior + inferior articular processes Adjacent vertebral bodies (intervertebral disks) mandibular fossa + condylar process superior articular processes of atlas + occipital condyles T1-12 costal facets on vertebral body + head of rib T1-12 costal facets on transverse process + rib tubercle Temporomandibular, Atlanto-occipital, Atlanto-axial, Intervertebral, Vertebrocostal, & Sternocostal
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