Fill in the Blanks IGCSE BIO: Chapter 20 Part 2Online version IGCSE BIO: Chapter 20 Part 2 by Tharwat A 1 insulin human gene within chromosome Genetic modification of bacteria to produce human The gene that is to be inserted is located in the original organism ? the for insulin production is located a 2 out Restriction ends unpaired enzymes are used to isolate or ? cut ? the human insulin gene , leaving it with ? sticky ? ( a short section of bases ) 3 ends bacterial sticky restriction A plasmid is cut by the same enzyme leaving it with corresponding ( plasmids are circles of DNA found inside bacterial cells ) 4 single molecule matching ligase same If two pieces of DNA have sticky ends ( because they have been cut by the restriction enzyme ) , DNA will link them to form a , unbroken of DN A 5 express recombinant multiply copied When the bacteria reproduce the plasmids are as well and so a plasmid can quickly be spread as the bacteria and they will then all the human insulin gene and make the human insulin protei n 6 conditions fermenter large quickly The genetically engineered bacteria can be placed in a to reproduce in controlled and make quantities of the human protei n 7 herbicides crop wheat sprayed gene resistant weeds poison resistant additional drought nutritional bacterium Crops can be genetically modified ( they are known as GM crops ) Crop plants , such as and maize , have been genetically modified to contain a from a that produces a that kills insects , making them to insect pests such as caterpillars . This can improve crop yields Crop plants have also been genetically modified to make them resistant to certain ( chemicals that kill plants ) , meaning that when the herbicide is on the crop it only kills and does not affect the plant Some crops have been genetically modified to produce vitamins and improved value , eg . ? golden rice ? contains genes from another plant and a bacterium which make the rice grains produce a chemical that is turned into vitamin A in the human body , which could help prevent deficiency diseases in certain areas of the world Some have been genetically modified to be - ( to grow better in very dry conditions ) . This can also improve crop yield s
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