Matching Pairs Systematics MatchingOnline version Exam 1 definitions systematics by Emma Fuller 1 phylogeny 2 systematics 3 cladistics 4 taxonomy 5 evolutionary 6 classification 7 biodiversity 8 competing philosophies All taxa should be clades, monophyletic AND holophyletic number of species, genre, etc the naming of groups of organisms different schools of thought that promote different theories, principles, or methods evolutionary history Study of diversification and relationships Taxa should share recent common ancestry AND morphological similarity, may generate some paraphyletic taxa Assigning organisms to hierarchical groups 1 synapomorphic 2 monophyletic 3 paraphyletic 4 analogous 5 clade 6 autapomorphic 7 symplesiomorphic 8 apomorphic 9 homoplasy 10 grade 11 holophyletic 12 plesiomorphic 13 homologous 14 polyphyletic A lineage including all descendants of a single common ancestor An analogous trait or character, such as skin flaps for gliding A shared, ancestral characteristic An ancestral characteristic A lineage with a single common ancestor A lineage of organisms that is derived from a single common ancestor and contains ALL descendants An unshared, derived characteristic A lineage including some but not all descendants of a single common ancestor A derived characteristic A group of organisms that shares similarity but not by shared common ancestry or excluding some descendants Similar due to common function, not based on shared common ancestry A lineage or trait found in independent lineages Similar based on shared common ancestry shared, derived characteristic 1 phylogram 2 convergent evolution 3 tachytely 4 cladogram 5 DKPCOFGS 6 horotely 7 bradytely 8 dendrogram 9 parallel evolution The evolution of homologous characteristics into new forms/phenotypes in the same clade. “Descent with modification” a biological term that describes a normal or average rate of evolution for a group of plants or animals Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species The evolution of analogous characteristics in distantly related clades a branching diagram that shows how similar a group of things are to each other evolution that is very slow or has stopped a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships between species, and is also known as a phylogenetic tree. evolution at a relatively rapid rate tending to result in speedy differentiation and fixation of new types
