Matching Pairs Systematics MatchingOnline version Exam 1 definitions systematics by Emma Fuller 1 competing philosophies 2 systematics 3 taxonomy 4 classification 5 phylogeny 6 cladistics 7 biodiversity 8 evolutionary Taxa should share recent common ancestry AND morphological similarity, may generate some paraphyletic taxa Study of diversification and relationships evolutionary history number of species, genre, etc Assigning organisms to hierarchical groups the naming of groups of organisms All taxa should be clades, monophyletic AND holophyletic different schools of thought that promote different theories, principles, or methods 1 grade 2 synapomorphic 3 apomorphic 4 clade 5 autapomorphic 6 homologous 7 plesiomorphic 8 homoplasy 9 analogous 10 holophyletic 11 symplesiomorphic 12 paraphyletic 13 polyphyletic 14 monophyletic An unshared, derived characteristic A lineage or trait found in independent lineages An ancestral characteristic Similar based on shared common ancestry A lineage with a single common ancestor A derived characteristic A lineage including all descendants of a single common ancestor An analogous trait or character, such as skin flaps for gliding A group of organisms that shares similarity but not by shared common ancestry or excluding some descendants Similar due to common function, not based on shared common ancestry shared, derived characteristic A lineage including some but not all descendants of a single common ancestor A lineage of organisms that is derived from a single common ancestor and contains ALL descendants A shared, ancestral characteristic 1 dendrogram 2 tachytely 3 cladogram 4 phylogram 5 parallel evolution 6 convergent evolution 7 DKPCOFGS 8 bradytely 9 horotely The evolution of homologous characteristics into new forms/phenotypes in the same clade. “Descent with modification” Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species a branching diagram that shows how similar a group of things are to each other evolution that is very slow or has stopped The evolution of analogous characteristics in distantly related clades a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species a biological term that describes a normal or average rate of evolution for a group of plants or animals a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships between species, and is also known as a phylogenetic tree. evolution at a relatively rapid rate tending to result in speedy differentiation and fixation of new types
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