Matching Pairs Systematics MatchingOnline version Exam 1 definitions systematics by Emma Fuller 1 evolutionary 2 cladistics 3 systematics 4 biodiversity 5 taxonomy 6 classification 7 competing philosophies 8 phylogeny the naming of groups of organisms All taxa should be clades, monophyletic AND holophyletic Taxa should share recent common ancestry AND morphological similarity, may generate some paraphyletic taxa number of species, genre, etc evolutionary history different schools of thought that promote different theories, principles, or methods Assigning organisms to hierarchical groups Study of diversification and relationships 1 plesiomorphic 2 autapomorphic 3 grade 4 polyphyletic 5 analogous 6 symplesiomorphic 7 paraphyletic 8 apomorphic 9 holophyletic 10 synapomorphic 11 homoplasy 12 clade 13 homologous 14 monophyletic A lineage with a single common ancestor An ancestral characteristic shared, derived characteristic Similar due to common function, not based on shared common ancestry A lineage including some but not all descendants of a single common ancestor A lineage of organisms that is derived from a single common ancestor and contains ALL descendants Similar based on shared common ancestry An analogous trait or character, such as skin flaps for gliding A derived characteristic A lineage or trait found in independent lineages An unshared, derived characteristic A group of organisms that shares similarity but not by shared common ancestry or excluding some descendants A shared, ancestral characteristic A lineage including all descendants of a single common ancestor 1 horotely 2 phylogram 3 cladogram 4 DKPCOFGS 5 convergent evolution 6 bradytely 7 parallel evolution 8 dendrogram 9 tachytely a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships between species, and is also known as a phylogenetic tree. evolution that is very slow or has stopped a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species a branching diagram that shows how similar a group of things are to each other Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species evolution at a relatively rapid rate tending to result in speedy differentiation and fixation of new types The evolution of analogous characteristics in distantly related clades The evolution of homologous characteristics into new forms/phenotypes in the same clade. “Descent with modification” a biological term that describes a normal or average rate of evolution for a group of plants or animals
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