Matching Pairs Systematics MatchingOnline version Exam 1 definitions systematics by Emma Fuller 1 biodiversity 2 taxonomy 3 evolutionary 4 systematics 5 classification 6 competing philosophies 7 phylogeny 8 cladistics number of species, genre, etc Taxa should share recent common ancestry AND morphological similarity, may generate some paraphyletic taxa different schools of thought that promote different theories, principles, or methods Assigning organisms to hierarchical groups the naming of groups of organisms All taxa should be clades, monophyletic AND holophyletic evolutionary history Study of diversification and relationships 1 homologous 2 analogous 3 synapomorphic 4 clade 5 monophyletic 6 apomorphic 7 plesiomorphic 8 holophyletic 9 grade 10 symplesiomorphic 11 paraphyletic 12 polyphyletic 13 homoplasy 14 autapomorphic A lineage including some but not all descendants of a single common ancestor A shared, ancestral characteristic A lineage including all descendants of a single common ancestor A group of organisms that shares similarity but not by shared common ancestry or excluding some descendants shared, derived characteristic An ancestral characteristic An analogous trait or character, such as skin flaps for gliding A lineage or trait found in independent lineages A lineage with a single common ancestor A lineage of organisms that is derived from a single common ancestor and contains ALL descendants A derived characteristic Similar based on shared common ancestry Similar due to common function, not based on shared common ancestry An unshared, derived characteristic 1 phylogram 2 convergent evolution 3 cladogram 4 parallel evolution 5 dendrogram 6 bradytely 7 tachytely 8 DKPCOFGS 9 horotely evolution at a relatively rapid rate tending to result in speedy differentiation and fixation of new types a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships between species, and is also known as a phylogenetic tree. a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species a biological term that describes a normal or average rate of evolution for a group of plants or animals The evolution of homologous characteristics into new forms/phenotypes in the same clade. “Descent with modification” a branching diagram that shows how similar a group of things are to each other evolution that is very slow or has stopped The evolution of analogous characteristics in distantly related clades
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