Matching Pairs Systematics MatchingOnline version Exam 1 definitions systematics by Emma Fuller 1 classification 2 taxonomy 3 phylogeny 4 competing philosophies 5 evolutionary 6 cladistics 7 systematics 8 biodiversity Study of diversification and relationships the naming of groups of organisms number of species, genre, etc All taxa should be clades, monophyletic AND holophyletic Assigning organisms to hierarchical groups evolutionary history different schools of thought that promote different theories, principles, or methods Taxa should share recent common ancestry AND morphological similarity, may generate some paraphyletic taxa 1 grade 2 polyphyletic 3 analogous 4 plesiomorphic 5 synapomorphic 6 monophyletic 7 holophyletic 8 clade 9 paraphyletic 10 symplesiomorphic 11 autapomorphic 12 homologous 13 apomorphic 14 homoplasy A group of organisms that shares similarity but not by shared common ancestry or excluding some descendants A lineage including all descendants of a single common ancestor shared, derived characteristic A derived characteristic Similar due to common function, not based on shared common ancestry An unshared, derived characteristic A lineage or trait found in independent lineages An analogous trait or character, such as skin flaps for gliding A lineage with a single common ancestor Similar based on shared common ancestry A lineage of organisms that is derived from a single common ancestor and contains ALL descendants An ancestral characteristic A shared, ancestral characteristic A lineage including some but not all descendants of a single common ancestor 1 phylogram 2 convergent evolution 3 DKPCOFGS 4 tachytely 5 parallel evolution 6 horotely 7 dendrogram 8 bradytely 9 cladogram evolution at a relatively rapid rate tending to result in speedy differentiation and fixation of new types evolution that is very slow or has stopped a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species The evolution of homologous characteristics into new forms/phenotypes in the same clade. “Descent with modification” Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species a branching diagram that shows how similar a group of things are to each other a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships between species, and is also known as a phylogenetic tree. a biological term that describes a normal or average rate of evolution for a group of plants or animals The evolution of analogous characteristics in distantly related clades
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