Matching Pairs Systematics MatchingOnline version Exam 1 definitions systematics by Emma Fuller 1 taxonomy 2 phylogeny 3 evolutionary 4 cladistics 5 competing philosophies 6 systematics 7 biodiversity 8 classification number of species, genre, etc Taxa should share recent common ancestry AND morphological similarity, may generate some paraphyletic taxa evolutionary history All taxa should be clades, monophyletic AND holophyletic Study of diversification and relationships the naming of groups of organisms Assigning organisms to hierarchical groups different schools of thought that promote different theories, principles, or methods 1 paraphyletic 2 plesiomorphic 3 clade 4 synapomorphic 5 analogous 6 holophyletic 7 polyphyletic 8 grade 9 apomorphic 10 homologous 11 autapomorphic 12 monophyletic 13 homoplasy 14 symplesiomorphic Similar due to common function, not based on shared common ancestry A lineage including all descendants of a single common ancestor A lineage or trait found in independent lineages An ancestral characteristic A lineage including some but not all descendants of a single common ancestor A group of organisms that shares similarity but not by shared common ancestry or excluding some descendants Similar based on shared common ancestry A shared, ancestral characteristic A lineage of organisms that is derived from a single common ancestor and contains ALL descendants An unshared, derived characteristic A lineage with a single common ancestor An analogous trait or character, such as skin flaps for gliding shared, derived characteristic A derived characteristic 1 phylogram 2 parallel evolution 3 cladogram 4 bradytely 5 DKPCOFGS 6 convergent evolution 7 horotely 8 tachytely 9 dendrogram The evolution of analogous characteristics in distantly related clades evolution at a relatively rapid rate tending to result in speedy differentiation and fixation of new types The evolution of homologous characteristics into new forms/phenotypes in the same clade. “Descent with modification” Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species a branching diagram that shows how similar a group of things are to each other a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships between species, and is also known as a phylogenetic tree. a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species evolution that is very slow or has stopped a biological term that describes a normal or average rate of evolution for a group of plants or animals
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