Matching Pairs Systematics MatchingOnline version Exam 1 definitions systematics by Emma Fuller 1 phylogeny 2 taxonomy 3 evolutionary 4 systematics 5 classification 6 competing philosophies 7 cladistics 8 biodiversity Study of diversification and relationships All taxa should be clades, monophyletic AND holophyletic Assigning organisms to hierarchical groups the naming of groups of organisms number of species, genre, etc different schools of thought that promote different theories, principles, or methods Taxa should share recent common ancestry AND morphological similarity, may generate some paraphyletic taxa evolutionary history 1 grade 2 homologous 3 polyphyletic 4 paraphyletic 5 apomorphic 6 homoplasy 7 autapomorphic 8 analogous 9 clade 10 holophyletic 11 monophyletic 12 synapomorphic 13 symplesiomorphic 14 plesiomorphic An analogous trait or character, such as skin flaps for gliding A shared, ancestral characteristic A lineage including some but not all descendants of a single common ancestor A lineage including all descendants of a single common ancestor An ancestral characteristic Similar due to common function, not based on shared common ancestry A lineage of organisms that is derived from a single common ancestor and contains ALL descendants A lineage with a single common ancestor A lineage or trait found in independent lineages A group of organisms that shares similarity but not by shared common ancestry or excluding some descendants An unshared, derived characteristic A derived characteristic shared, derived characteristic Similar based on shared common ancestry 1 horotely 2 parallel evolution 3 phylogram 4 dendrogram 5 DKPCOFGS 6 bradytely 7 convergent evolution 8 cladogram 9 tachytely evolution at a relatively rapid rate tending to result in speedy differentiation and fixation of new types The evolution of analogous characteristics in distantly related clades a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species The evolution of homologous characteristics into new forms/phenotypes in the same clade. “Descent with modification” a branching diagram that shows how similar a group of things are to each other evolution that is very slow or has stopped a biological term that describes a normal or average rate of evolution for a group of plants or animals Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships between species, and is also known as a phylogenetic tree.
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