Matching Pairs Systematics MatchingOnline version Exam 1 definitions systematics by Emma Fuller 1 cladistics 2 taxonomy 3 systematics 4 classification 5 biodiversity 6 competing philosophies 7 phylogeny 8 evolutionary number of species, genre, etc Taxa should share recent common ancestry AND morphological similarity, may generate some paraphyletic taxa Study of diversification and relationships the naming of groups of organisms evolutionary history different schools of thought that promote different theories, principles, or methods All taxa should be clades, monophyletic AND holophyletic Assigning organisms to hierarchical groups 1 homoplasy 2 symplesiomorphic 3 apomorphic 4 synapomorphic 5 grade 6 paraphyletic 7 monophyletic 8 autapomorphic 9 clade 10 plesiomorphic 11 homologous 12 holophyletic 13 analogous 14 polyphyletic Similar based on shared common ancestry A lineage including some but not all descendants of a single common ancestor A lineage with a single common ancestor Similar due to common function, not based on shared common ancestry A group of organisms that shares similarity but not by shared common ancestry or excluding some descendants shared, derived characteristic A lineage of organisms that is derived from a single common ancestor and contains ALL descendants A lineage including all descendants of a single common ancestor A shared, ancestral characteristic A derived characteristic An analogous trait or character, such as skin flaps for gliding An ancestral characteristic An unshared, derived characteristic A lineage or trait found in independent lineages 1 phylogram 2 horotely 3 DKPCOFGS 4 bradytely 5 tachytely 6 parallel evolution 7 cladogram 8 convergent evolution 9 dendrogram Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species a branching diagram that shows how similar a group of things are to each other a biological term that describes a normal or average rate of evolution for a group of plants or animals a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species The evolution of analogous characteristics in distantly related clades The evolution of homologous characteristics into new forms/phenotypes in the same clade. “Descent with modification” evolution at a relatively rapid rate tending to result in speedy differentiation and fixation of new types evolution that is very slow or has stopped a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships between species, and is also known as a phylogenetic tree.
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